Prior-free Data Acquisition for Accurate Statistical Estimation

Prior-free Data Acquisition for Accurate Statistical Estimation
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无需先验的数据采集,可进行准确的统计估计

DOI:
10.1145/3328526.3329564
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Conference on Economics and Computation
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Zheng, Shuran
Zheng, Shuran
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen, Yiling;Zheng, Shuran

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我们研究了数据分析师的问题,即从自私自利的个人那里获取数据,以便在预期的预算约束下获得对总体的某些统计数据的准确估计。每个数据持有者在获取和报告他的数据时都会产生一笔数据分析师不知道的成本。成本可以与数据任意关联。数据分析师有一个预期的预算,她可以用来激励个人提供他们的数据。目标是设计一种联合获取-估计机制,以优化产生的估计器的性能,而不需要关于潜在成本和数据分布的任何先验信息。无偏估计器:我们设计了一种真实的、个体理性的在线机制来获取个体的数据,并输出总体均值的无偏估计,当数据分析员没有关于成本数据分布的先验信息并且个体以随机顺序到达时。这种机制的性能与知道真实成本分布的最优机制在不变因素下的性能相匹配。在最坏情况下,估计量的性能是通过其在成本-数据相关性下的方差来评估的。可信区间:当数据分析师从一开始就知道真实的成本分布时,我们描述了一种近似最优(在因子2内)获得总体平均值的可信区间的机制。这种机制是高效可计算的。然后,我们设计了一个真实的、个别理性的在线算法,该算法只比近似最优机制差一个常数。估计器的性能通过其在最坏情况下的成本-数据相关性下的预期长度来评估。
We study a data analyst's problem of acquiring data from self-interested individuals to obtain an accurate estimation of some statistic of a population, subject to an expected budget constraint. Each data holder incurs a cost, which is unknown to the data analyst, to acquire and report his data. The cost can be arbitrarily correlated with the data. The data analyst has an expected budget that she can use to incentivize individuals to provide their data. The goal is to design a joint acquisition-estimation mechanism to optimize the performance of the produced estimator, without any prior information on the underlying distribution of cost and data. We investigate two types of estimations: unbiased point estimation and confidence interval estimation.Unbiased estimators:We design a truthful, individually rational, online mechanism to acquire data from individuals and output an unbiased estimator of the population mean when the data analyst has no prior information on the cost-data distribution and individuals arrive in a random order. The performance of this mechanism matches that of the optimal mechanism, which knows the true cost distribution, within a constant factor. The performance of an estimator is evaluated by its variance under the worst-case cost-data correlation.Confidence intervals:We characterize an approximately optimal (within a factor 2) mechanism for obtaining a confidence interval of the population mean when the data analyst knows the true cost distribution at the beginning. This mechanism is efficiently computable. We then design a truthful, individually rational, online algorithm that is only worse than the approximately optimal mechanism by a constant factor. The performance of an estimator is evaluated by its expected length under the worst-case cost-data correlation.
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