The social biography of antibiotic use in smallholder dairy farms in India.
The social biography of antibiotic use in smallholder dairy farms in India.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13756-018-0354-9
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Kakkar M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chauhan AS;George MS;Chatterjee P;Lindahl J;Grace D;Kakkar M
抗菌素耐药性(AMR)已被确认为当今全球健康、食品安全和发展的主要威胁之一。虽然在研究和政策环境中，人类人群中抗生素的使用和误用已经引起了相当大的关注，但对于兽医部门滥用抗生素的程度及其对人类AMR的贡献，还没有明确的估计。在这项研究中，我们探索了在印度城市周边的乳品养殖业中合理使用抗生素的驱动因素。这项研究是在卢迪亚纳、古瓦哈蒂和班加罗尔的城市周边地带进行的。在这三个地点共进行了54次面谈(正式和非正式)。开发了主题指南，以探索兽用抗菌剂使用的不同驱动因素。数据被录音和转录。使用AtlasTi对编码数据集进行分析。版本7.从代码集合中归纳出现的主题。研究结果是基于“分析水平”的概念提出的。紧急主题被归类为个人、卫生系统和政策层面的驱动因素。农民中与抗生素有关的知识水平低，积极的非正式服务提供者，直接向农民销售药品和容易获得的抗生素，在没有适当处方的情况下分发，导致很容易获得抗生素，并被确定为导致奶牛场非处方和自行使用抗生素的可能驱动因素。小农户的经营利润微乎其微。社区一级缺乏正规的兽医服务，加上抗生素的易得性，以及确保利润和最大限度减少损失的需要，促进了非处方抗生素的消费。必须了解这些不合理使用抗生素的当地驱动因素，以便制定旨在减少抗生素滥用的干预措施和政策。
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been identified as one of the major threats to global health, food security and development today. While there has been considerable attention about the use and misuse of antibiotics amongst human populations in both research and policy environments, there is no definitive estimate of the extent of misuse of antibiotics in the veterinary sector and its contribution to AMR in humans. In this study, we explored the drivers ofirrational usage of verterinary antibiotics in the dairy farming sector in peri-urban India. The study was conducted in the peri-urban belts of Ludhiana, Guwahati and Bangalore. A total of 54 interviews (formal and non-formal) were carried out across these three sites. Theme guides were developed to explore different drivers of veterinary antimicrobial use. Data was audio recorded and transcribed. Analysis of the coded data set was carried out using AtlasTi. Version 7. Themes emerged inductively from the set of codes. Findings were presented based on concept of ‘levels of analyses’. Emergent themes were categorised as individual, health systems, and policy level drivers. Low level of knowledge related to antibiotics among farmers, active informal service providers, direct marketing of drugs to the farmers and easily available antibiotics, dispensed without appropriate prescriptions contributed to easy access to antibiotics, and were identified to be the possible drivers contributing to the non-prescribed and self-administered use of antibiotics in the dairy farms. Smallholding dairy farmers operated within very small margins of profits. The paucity of formal veterinary services at the community level, coupled with easy availability of antibiotics and the need to ensure profits and minimise losses, promoted non-prescribed antibiotic consumption. It is essential that these local drivers of irrational antibiotic use are understood in order to develop interventions and policies that seek to reduce antibiotic misuse.
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影响因子：
4.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
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