MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers in cancer: opportunities and challenges.

MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers in cancer: opportunities and challenges.
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MicroRNA 作为癌症的潜在生物标志物:机遇与挑战

DOI:
10.1155/2015/125094
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Jin H
Jin H
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lan H;Lu H;Wang X;Jin H

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs)是一组小的非编码rna (ncRNAs),它们通过靶向相应的信使rna (mrna)来转录后调节基因表达。失调的mirna被认为是一种新型的“肿瘤抑制剂”或“肿瘤抑制因子”,在癌症的发生和发展中起着至关重要的作用。使用全基因组检测方法,mirna的普遍异常表达谱已在广泛的人类癌症中被发现,具有高特异性和敏感性,具有作为新型癌症诊断和预后生物标志物的巨大潜力。高稳定性的组织、血液和其他体液中可检测到的mirna为人类癌症中基于mirna的生物标志物提供了丰富的来源。尽管有越来越多的潜在miRNA生物标志物被报道出来,但基于miRNA的生物标志物从实验室到临床的转变仍然需要解决几个挑战。在这篇综述中,我们将总结我们目前对mirna作为人类癌症潜在生物标志物的理解。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting their corresponding messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Dysregulated miRNAs have been considered as a new type of ‘‘oncomiRs” or ‘‘tumor suppressors,” playing essential roles in cancer initiation and progression. Using genome-wide detection methods, ubiquitously aberrant expression profiles of miRNAs have been identified in a broad array of human cancers, showing great potential as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of cancer with high specificity and sensitivity. The detectable miRNAs in tissue, blood, and other body fluids with high stability provide an abundant source for miRNA-based biomarkers in human cancers. Despite the fact that an increasing number of potential miRNA biomarkers have been reported, the transition of miRNAs-based biomarkers from bench to bedside still necessitates addressing several challenges. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding of miRNAs as potential biomarkers in human cancers.
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