Palaeoepidemiology in extinct vertebrate populations: factors influencing skeletal health in Jurassic marine reptiles

Palaeoepidemiology in extinct vertebrate populations: factors influencing skeletal health in Jurassic marine reptiles
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灭绝脊椎动物种群的古流行病学:影响侏罗纪海洋爬行动物骨骼健康的因素

DOI:
10.1098/rsos.190264
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Maxwell
Maxwell
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pardo-Pérez;Maxwell

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与古生态学相关的古流行病学研究很少,但有潜力通过测量个体健康提供有关生态系统水平特征的信息。为了评估大型海洋脊椎动物患病率的潜在因素,我们对德国西南部 Posidonienschiefer 组(侏罗纪早期:托阿尔纪)的鱼龙(中生代海洋爬行动物)进行了调查。该地层提供了来自地质和地理限制区间的相对较大的样本,使其成为古流行病学调查生成基线数据的理想选择。我们基于影响种群骨骼健康因素的先验想法,研究了以早期托阿尔纪海洋缺氧事件为代表的分类单元、解剖区域、体型、个体发育和环境变化对病理流行的影响。我们的结果表明,病理的发生率取决于分类单元,体型较小的狭翅目属比其他属表现出更少的骨骼病理。在狭鳍鱼中,我们在体型较大的成虫中检测到的病变多于体型较小的类群。地层层位是古环境变化的代表,并不影响狭鳍鱼的病理发生率。对类群内和跨行会中病理发生的量化对于构建有关地球历史上骨骼损伤和疾病患病率变化的更详细的假设至关重要。
Palaeoepidemiological studies related to palaeoecology are rare, but have the potential to provide information regarding ecosystem-level characteristics by measuring individual health. In order to assess factors underlying the prevalence of pathologies in large marine vertebrates, we surveyed ichthyosaurs (Mesozoic marine reptiles) from the Posidonienschiefer Formation (Early Jurassic: Toarcian) of southwestern Germany. This Formation provides a relatively large sample from a geologically and geographically restricted interval, making it ideal for generating baseline data for a palaeoepidemiological survey. We examined the influence of taxon, anatomical region, body size, ontogeny and environmental change, as represented by the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, on the prevalence of pathologies, based ona prioriideas of factors influencing population skeletal health. Our results show that the incidence of pathologies is dependent on taxon, with the small-bodied genusStenopterygiusexhibiting fewer skeletal pathologies than other genera. WithinStenopterygius, we detected more pathologies in large adults than in smaller size classes. Stratigraphic horizon, a proxy for palaeoenvironmental change, did not influence the incidence of pathologies inStenopterygius. The quantification of the occurrence of pathologies within taxa and across guilds is critical to constructing more detailed hypotheses regarding changes in the prevalence of skeletal injury and disease through Earth history.
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