A Pyridine Dearomatization Approach to the Matrine-Type Lupin Alkaloids.

A Pyridine Dearomatization Approach to the Matrine-Type Lupin Alkaloids.
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DOI:
10.1021/jacs.2c06584
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发表时间:
2022-09-07
影响因子:
15
通讯作者:
Reisman, Sarah E.
Reisman, Sarah E.
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kerkovius, Jeff K.;Stegner, Andrea;Turlik, Aneta;Lam, Pik Hoi;Houk, Kendall N.;Reisman, Sarah E.

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(+)-苦参碱和(+)-异苦参碱是从植物苦参(Sophora flavescens)中分离的四环生物碱,苦参的根用于传统中药。生物合成,这些生物碱被认为是通过不稳定的环亚胺Δ1-哌啶的中间作用由三个分子的(-)-赖氨酸衍生而来。受生物合成的启发,已经开发了一种新的脱芳环化反应,其利用吡啶作为Δ1-哌啶的稳定替代物。在这个关键的转化过程中,两个吡啶分子与一个戊二酰氯分子结合,在一个步骤中得到完整的苦参碱生物碱四环骨架。使用这种脱芳香环化,异马苦参碱是由廉价的商业化学品合成的四个步骤。异苦参碱然后用作另外的羽扇豆生物碱的前体,包括苦参碱、别苦参碱、异槐定碱和槐定碱。
(+)-Matrine and (+)-isomatrine are tetracyclic alkaloids isolated from the plant Sophora flavescens, the roots of which are used in traditional Chinese medicine. Biosynthetically, these alkaloids are proposed to derive from three molecules of (–)-lysine via the intermediacy of the unstable cyclic imine Δ1-piperidine. Inspired by the biosynthesis, a new dearomative annulation reaction has been developed that leverages pyridine as a stable surrogate for Δ1-piperidine. In this key transformation, two molecules of pyridine are joined with a molecule of glutaryl chloride to give the complete tetracyclic framework of the matrine alkaloids in a single step. Using this dearomative annulation, isomatrine is synthesized in four steps from inexpensive commercially available chemicals. Isomatrine then serves as the precursor to additional lupin alkaloids, including matrine, allomatrine, isosophoridine, and sophoridine.
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