Neuronal polarity: demarcation, growth and commitment.

Neuronal polarity: demarcation, growth and commitment.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.ceb.2012.05.011
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发表时间:
2012-08
影响因子:
7.5
通讯作者:
Dotti, Carlos G.
Dotti, Carlos G.
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Caceres, Alfredo;Ye, Bing;Dotti, Carlos G.

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在生物学意义上,极性指的是细胞器、细胞或有机体主轴的末端。在神经元中,形态的极性始于细胞体中第一个突起的出现。在多极神经元中,当单个突起启动快速生长阶段成为神经元的轴突时,就会发生第二阶段的极化,而其他突起随后分化为树突。最后,在第三阶段,轴突和树突形成一个精细的结构,获得特殊的形态和分子特征,使它们具有最终的身份。从机理上讲,每个阶段之前都必须有生长活动的空间限制。我们将回顾最近关于神经元极化生长的机制的工作。
In a biological sense, polarity refers to the extremity of the main axis of an organelle, cell, or organism. In neurons, morphological polarity begins with the appearance of the first neurite from the cell body. In multipolar neurons, a second phase of polarization occurs when a single neurite initiates a phase of rapid growth to become the neuron’s axon, while the others later differentiate as dendrites. Finally, during a third phase, axons and dendrites develop an elaborate architecture, acquiring special morphological and molecular features that commit them to their final identities. Mechanistically, each phase must be preceded by spatial restriction of growth activity. We will review recent work on the mechanisms underlying the polarized growth of neurons.
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