Shape from shading in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris).
Shape from shading in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris).
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DOI：
10.1037/a0036848
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发表时间：
2014-11
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Cook, Robert G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qadri, Muhammad A. J.;Romero, L. Michael;Cook, Robert G.
鸟类的行为就好像它们快速而准确地感知到了一个充满物体的视觉世界。然而，除了对鸽子的广泛研究之外，我们对其他鸟类视觉系统中物体感知和识别机制的认识还有很大的差距。从物体表面反射的阴影图案是提供关于形状的基本信息的一个重要光学特征。为了更好地了解表面和物体的阴影是如何处理的雀形目物种，五椋鸟进行了测试，在三个实验中使用的同时视觉歧视程序的差异照明凸和凹曲面。椋鸟迅速学会了这种形状从阴影的歧视独立于不同的照明方向，表面颜色，和相机的角度。通过实验操作相机的角度，表面高度，对比度，材料镜面反射，和表面形状的照明模式的变化是一致的假设，即椋鸟认为这些照明表面具有三维形状，类似于以前收集的结果与鸽子。这些相似之处在不同的目的鸟类表明，相对阴影的物体在视觉场景中是一个非常突出的功能，在鸟类的形状处理，可能是一个高度保守的视觉过程，广泛分布在这一类动物。
Birds behave as if they quickly and accurately perceive an object-filled visual world. Beyond the extensive research with pigeons, however, there is a large and important gap in our knowledge about the mechanisms of object perception and recognition in other avian visual systems. The pattern of shading reflected from object surfaces is one important optical feature providing fundamental information about shape. To better understand how surface and object shading is processed by a passerine species, five starlings were tested with differentially illuminated convex and concave curved surfaces in three experiments using a simultaneous visual discrimination procedure. Starlings rapidly learned this shape-from-shading discrimination independent of varied lighting direction, surface color, and camera perspective. Variations in the pattern of lighting through experimental manipulations of camera perspective, surface height, contrast, material specularity, and surface shape were consistent with the hypothesis that the starlings perceived these illuminated surfaces as having three-dimensional shape, similar to results previously collected with pigeons. These similarities across different orders of birds indicate that the relative shading for objects in a visual scene is a highly salient feature for shape processing in birds and is likely a highly conserved visual process that is widely distributed within this class of animal.
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影响因子：
6.1
作者：
ENDLER, JA
通讯作者：
ENDLER, JA
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Cavoto, Brian R.;Cook, Robert G.
通讯作者：
Cook, Robert G.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Brown JW;Rest JS;García-Moreno J;Sorenson MD;Mindell DP
通讯作者：
Mindell DP
DOI：
10.1109/tvcg.2003.1196003
发表时间：
2003-04-01
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Kniss, J;Premoze, S;McPherson, A
通讯作者：
McPherson, A
DOI：
10.1037/h0030223
发表时间：
1970-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
HERSHBERGER, W
通讯作者：
HERSHBERGER, W