Cities of the Southwest are testbeds for urban resilience
Cities of the Southwest are testbeds for urban resilience
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西南城市是城市韧性的试验场
DOI：
10.1002/fee.2005
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
10.3
通讯作者：
Redman, Charles L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hondula, David M;Sabo, John L;Quay, Ray;Chester, Mikhail;Georgescu, Matei;Grimm, Nancy B;Harlan, Sharon L;Middel, Ariane;Porter, Sarah;Redman, Charles L
科学期刊和大众媒体充斥着关于全球环境变化对城市的区域影响的警告（舍伍德和Huber 2010; Bacigalupi 2015）。炎热、半干旱的美国西南部城市处于水资源紧张、极端高温和人口增长的前线，预计将越来越多地受到人为气候变化的影响。一些人将这些挑战描绘为无法克服的，预测凤凰城，洛杉矶和拉斯维加斯等地在不久的将来会消亡（例如艾伦2014; Pearl 2017）。我们提出了一个替代假设：西南城市是发展适应和缓解战略的试验田，在下一个世纪之交之前，气候不那么极端的城市可能需要这些战略。我们的经验是，该地区的城市正在认识到，回应，并在某些情况下拥抱他们作为气候先锋的独特地位。为了提供更完整的叙述，我们在这里强调了地方政府，大学和企业的一些举措，计划和需求，以应对宜居性和可持续性挑战。在西南部城市，一年中有几个月的白天温度经常超过人类舒适和安全阈值（Gasparrini等人，2015）。城市化给这些城市带来了夜间气温上升和冬季低温，同时沿着霜冻消失和温暖季节延长（Ruddell等人，2013年）。尽管天气炎热，但行为和技术的适应使西南部的城市对大多数人来说都是宜居的;许多城市的生活质量很高，是受欢迎的旅游目的地，而且正在迅速增长。然而，并非每个人都能忍受高温，这对那些经常面临高暴露的人来说构成了特殊的挑战。对一些人来说，高温可能是致命的。热暴露是导致每年夏天疾病和死亡人数高得令人无法接受的一个因素。到目前为止，西南城市
Scientific journals and popular media are filled with warnings about the regional impacts of global environmental change on cities (Sherwood and Huber 2010; Bacigalupi 2015). Cities in the hot, semiarid American Southwest are on the front lines of stressed water resources, extreme heat, and population growth, and are projected to be increasingly burdened by anthropogenic climate change. Some have portrayed these challenges as insurmountable, predicting the demise of places like Phoenix, Los Angeles, and Las Vegas in the not-so-distant future (eg Allen 2014; Pearl 2017). We propose an alternative hypothesis: southwestern cities are testbeds for developing adaptation and mitigation strategies that cities with less extreme climates may need before the turn of the next century. Our experience is that the region’s cities are recognizing, responding to, and in some cases embracing their distinctive position as climate pioneers. To inform a more complete narrative, here we highlight some initiatives, plans, and needs of local governments, universities, and businesses to address livability and sustainability challenges. In southwestern cities, daytime temperatures already regularly exceed human comfort and safety thresholds during several months of the year (Gasparrini et al. 2015). Urbanization brings rising nighttime temperatures and winter lows to these cities, along with vanishing frost and a longer warm season (Ruddell et al. 2013). Behavioral and technological adaptations have made southwestern cities livable for most people despite the heat; many are ranked highly for quality of life, are popular tourism destinations, and are rapidly growing. The heat is not tolerable for everyone, however, posing particular challenges for those who routinely face high exposure. For some, the heat can be deadly. Heat exposure is a contributing factor to an unacceptably high number of illnesses and deaths each summer. Thus far, southwestern cities
美国亚利桑那州中部菲尼克斯（城市）和希拉本德（沙漠）的历史阈值温度
影响因子：
1.1
作者：
Darren M. Ruddell;D. Hoffman;O. Ahmad;A. Brazel
通讯作者：
A. Brazel
设计协作治理：科罗拉多河流域下游干旱应急规划流程的见解
影响因子：
6
作者：
Abigail Sullivan;D. White;M. Hanemann
通讯作者：
M. Hanemann
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Berisha, Vjollca;Hondula, David;Goodin, Kae
通讯作者：
Goodin, Kae