When Phased without Water: Biophysics of Cellular Desiccation, from Biomolecules to Condensates.
When Phased without Water: Biophysics of Cellular Desiccation, from Biomolecules to Condensates.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00659
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发表时间：
2023-07-26
期刊：
影响因子：
62.1
通讯作者：
Boeynaems, Steven
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Romero-Perez, Paulette Sofia;Dorone, Yanniv;Flores, Eduardo;Sukenik, Shahar;Boeynaems, Steven
使生命得以存在的分子机制是在水中进化的，然而我们周围的许多生物即使在极端干燥的环境中也能存活下来。特别值得注意的是单细胞和定居生物，它们依靠专门的生物分子机制在通常几乎完全缺水的环境中生存。在这篇综述中，我们放大在分子水平上发生了什么，在细胞环境下的水分胁迫。我们涵盖了细胞的生化成分在脱水细胞中功能障碍的各种机制，并详细介绍了生物体为消除或科普这些干燥诱导的扰动而进化的不同策略。我们特别关注两种生存策略：（1）使用无序蛋白质来保护细胞环境之前，期间和从干燥中恢复，以及（2）使用生物分子凝聚物作为自组装机制，可以在水分胁迫时隔离或保护特定的细胞机器。我们提供了一个总结的实验工作，描述无序的蛋白质和生物分子凝聚物的细胞响应失水的关键贡献，并强调其在干燥耐受性的作用。干燥生物学是细胞生物学的一个令人兴奋的领域，仍然远未完全探索。在分子水平上理解它必然会让我们对生命如何适应/能够适应水的丧失有新的见解，从早期的土地殖民到我们如何应对未来的气候变化。
The molecular machinery that enables life has evolved in water, yet many of the organisms around us are able to survive even extreme desiccation. Especially remarkable are single-cell and sedentary organisms that rely on specialized biomolecular machinery to survive in environments that are routinely subjected to a near-complete lack of water. In this review, we zoom in on the molecular level of what is happening in the cellular environment under water stress. We cover the various mechanisms by which biochemical components of the cell can dysfunction in dehydrated cells and detail the different strategies that organisms have evolved to eliminate or cope with these desiccation-induced perturbations. We specifically focus on two survival strategies: (1) the use of disordered proteins to protect the cellular environment before, during, and in the recovery from desiccation, and (2) the use of biomolecular condensates as a self-assembly mechanism that can sequester or protect specific cellular machinery in times of water stress. We provide a summary of experimental work describing the critical contributions of disordered proteins and biomolecular condensates to the cellular response to water loss and highlight their role in desiccation tolerance. Desiccation biology is an exciting area of cell biology, still far from being completely explored. Understanding it on the molecular level is bound to give us critical new insights in how life adapted/can adapt to the loss of water, spanning from the early colonization of land to how we can deal with climate change in our future.
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