Working memory load predicts visual search efficiency: Evidence from a novel pupillary response paradigm.

Working memory load predicts visual search efficiency: Evidence from a novel pupillary response paradigm.
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DOI:
10.3758/s13421-016-0617-8
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发表时间:
2016-10
期刊:
影响因子:
2.4
通讯作者:
Pomplun M
Pomplun M
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Attar N;Schneps MH;Pomplun M

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观察者的瞳孔放大和收缩,以响应变量,如环境和焦点亮度,认知努力,情绪刺激内容,和工作记忆负荷。学生的记忆负荷响应是特别感兴趣的,因为它可以用于估计观察者的记忆负荷,而他们正在执行一个复杂的任务,而不添加中断和混淆的记忆测试的协议。工作记忆参与的一个重要任务仍然是有争议的视觉搜索,事实上,以前的实验通过分析观察者在搜索过程中的瞳孔大小来研究这个问题。这些作者发现,在搜索过程中,瞳孔的大小会增加,并将这一发现归因于工作记忆负荷的积累。然而,由于瞳孔的反应是缓慢的,并不依赖于记忆负荷单独,这个结论是相当投机。在本研究中,我们估计工作记忆负荷的视觉搜索过程中提出的间歇性固定屏幕,被认为是引起低,稳定水平的唤醒和认知努力。使用标准的视觉搜索和控制任务,我们表明,这种范式减少了非记忆相关因素对瞳孔大小的影响。此外,我们发现早期工作记忆负荷的增加与更有效的搜索有关,表明工作记忆在搜索过程中的重要作用。
An observer's pupil dilates and constricts in response to variables such as ambient and focal luminance, cognitive effort, emotional stimulus content, and working memory load. The pupil’s memory load response is of particular interest as it might be used for estimating observers’ memory load while they are performing a complex task, without adding an interruptive and confounding memory test to the protocol. One important task for which working memory involvement is still being debated is visual search, and indeed a previous experiment by analyzed observers’ pupil size during search to study this issue. These authors found that pupil size increased over the course of the search and attributed this finding to accumulating working memory load. However, since the pupil response is slow and does not depend on memory load alone, this conclusion is rather speculative. In the present study, we estimated working memory load in visual search during the presentation of intermittent fixation screens, thought to induce a low, stable level of arousal and cognitive effort. Using standard visual search and control tasks, we show that this paradigm reduces the influence of non-memory related factors on pupil size. Furthermore, we find early increase in working memory load to be associated with more efficient search, indicating a significant role of working memory in the search process.
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