Timing of Meals and Sleep in the Mediterranean Population: The Effect of Taste, Genetics, Environmental Determinants, and Interactions on Obesity Phenotypes.
Timing of Meals and Sleep in the Mediterranean Population: The Effect of Taste, Genetics, Environmental Determinants, and Interactions on Obesity Phenotypes.
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作者：
昼夜节律调节睡眠-觉醒和进食-禁食周期。睡眠和进食构成了一个复杂的循环，由几个因素决定。尽管睡眠时间和进餐时间对许多肥胖表型很重要，但大多数关于饮食模式的研究都没有调查这些变量对所分析的表型的贡献。同样，他们也没有调查与睡眠或进餐时间有关的因素。因此，我们的目的是调查味觉和饮食/睡眠模式之间的联系，并分析睡眠/饮食模式和遗传因素之间的相互作用对肥胖表型的影响。我们对来自地中海地区的412名成年人进行了横断面分析。我们测量了味觉（苦、甜、咸、酸和鲜味）并评估了睡眠时间和醒来时间。计算睡眠和社交时差的中点。根据自我报告的用餐时间，我们估计了进食窗口，进食中点和进食时差。地中海饮食的依从性是用一个有效的评分来衡量的。在TAS 2 R38，CLOCK和FTO基因的选择多态性进行了测定，并分析了它们的关联和相关表型的相互作用。我们发现了时间性进食、睡眠模式和味觉之间的各种联系。较高的苦味感知与较早的进食中点（p = 0.001）、早餐时间（p = 0.043）、晚餐时间（p = 0.009）、唤醒时间（p < 0.001）和睡眠中点（p = 0.009）相关。苦味多态性TAS 2 R38-rs713598（苦味感知的遗传工具变量）也观察到了类似的结果，增加了关联的因果关系。此外，在睡眠中点和TAS 2 R38-rs713598（p = 0.032）、FTO-rs 9939609（p = 0.037）和CLOCK-rs 4580704（p = 0.004）多态性之间检测到显著的基因-睡眠相互作用，这些多态性在确定肥胖表型中起作用。总之，我们的研究提供了更多的信息，一般西班牙地中海人口的睡眠和进餐时间模式比他们的主要关系。此外，我们能够显示味觉之间的显着关联，特别是苦味;睡眠时间;和进餐时间以及睡眠时间和与肥胖表型相关的几种遗传变异之间的相互作用。然而，需要更多的研究来更好地描述这些关联背后的因果关系和机制。
Circadian rhythms regulate the sleep–wake and feeding–fasting cycles. Sleep and feeding constitute a complex cycle that is determined by several factors. Despite the importance of sleep duration and mealtimes for many obesity phenotypes, most studies on dietary patterns have not investigated the contribution of these variables to the phenotypes analyzed. Likewise, they have not investigated the factors related to sleep or mealtimes. Thus, our aims were to investigate the link between taste perception and eating/sleep patterns and to analyze the effect of the interactions between sleep/meal patterns and genetic factors on obesity phenotypes. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis on 412 adults from the Mediterranean population. We measured taste perception (bitter, sweet, salty, sour, and umami) and assessed sleep duration and waketime. The midpoint of sleep and social jetlag was computed. From the self-reported timing of meals, we estimated the eating window, eating midpoint, and eating jetlag. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured with a validated score. Selected polymorphisms in the TAS2R38, CLOCK, and FTO genes were determined, and their associations and interactions with relevant phenotypes were analyzed. We found various associations between temporal eating, sleep patterns, and taste perception. A higher bitter taste perception was associated with an earlier eating midpoint (p = 0.001), breakfast time (p = 0.043), dinner time (p = 0.009), waketime (p < 0.001), and midpoint of sleep (p = 0.009). Similar results were observed for the bitter taste polymorphism TAS2R38-rs713598, a genetic instrumental variable for bitter perception, increasing the causality of the associations. Moreover, significant gene–sleep interactions were detected between the midpoint of sleep and the TAS2R38-rs713598 (p = 0.032), FTO-rs9939609 (p = 0.037), and CLOCK-rs4580704 (p = 0.004) polymorphisms which played a role in determining obesity phenotypes. In conclusion, our study provided more information on the sleep and mealtime patterns of the general Spanish Mediterranean population than on their main relationships. Moreover, we were able to show significant associations between taste perception, specifically bitter taste; sleep time; and mealtimes as well as an interaction between sleep time and several genetic variants linked to obesity phenotypes. However, additional research is needed to better characterize the causality and mechanisms behind these associations.
DOI：
10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500134
发表时间：
2012-12
期刊：
Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas
影响因子：
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作者：
Apalasamy YD;Ming MF;Rampal S;Bulgiba A;Mohamed Z
通讯作者：
Mohamed Z