Genetic and functional diversification of small RNA pathways in plants.
Genetic and functional diversification of small RNA pathways in plants.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.0020104
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发表时间：
2004-05
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Carrington JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xie Z;Johansen LK;Gustafson AM;Kasschau KD;Lellis AD;Zilberman D;Jacobsen SE;Carrington JC
多细胞真核生物产生两种一般类型的小RNA分子（大约21-24个核苷酸），即微小RNA（miRNA）和短干扰RNA（siRNA）。它们共同作为序列特异性向导来沉默或调节基因、转座子和病毒，并修饰染色质和基因组结构。小RNA的形成或活性需要属于编码DICER（或DICER-LIKE [DCL]）和ARGONAUTE蛋白的基因家族的因子，在某些siRNA的情况下，还需要属于RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶（RDR）蛋白的因子。与许多动物不同，植物编码多种DCL和RDR蛋白。利用拟南芥的一系列插入突变体，鉴定了三种DCL蛋白在miRNA（DCL 1）、内源siRNA（DCL 3）和病毒siRNA（DCL 2）生物发生中的独特功能。分析的所有内源性siRNA都需要一种RDR蛋白（RDR 2）。dcl 3和rdr 2突变体中内源性siRNA的缺失与异染色质标记的缺失和某些位点的转录物积累增加相关。dcl 2突变体植物中响应芜菁皱缩病毒的siRNA产生活性的缺陷与病毒易感性增加相关。我们的结论是，增殖和多样化的DCL和RDR基因在植物的进化过程中，有助于专门化的小RNA定向途径的发展，染色质结构和防御。在植物中，RNA介导的沉默途径以独特的方式多样化。本研究阐明了一些关键调节子在发育、染色质结构和病原体防御中的特定功能
Multicellular eukaryotes produce small RNA molecules (approximately 21–24 nucleotides) of two general types, microRNA (miRNA) and short interfering RNA (siRNA). They collectively function as sequence-specific guides to silence or regulate genes, transposons, and viruses and to modify chromatin and genome structure. Formation or activity of small RNAs requires factors belonging to gene families that encode DICER (or DICER-LIKE [DCL]) and ARGONAUTE proteins and, in the case of some siRNAs, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR) proteins. Unlike many animals, plants encode multiple DCL and RDR proteins. Using a series of insertion mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, unique functions for three DCL proteins in miRNA (DCL1), endogenous siRNA (DCL3), and viral siRNA (DCL2) biogenesis were identified. One RDR protein (RDR2) was required for all endogenous siRNAs analyzed. The loss of endogenous siRNA in dcl3 and rdr2 mutants was associated with loss of heterochromatic marks and increased transcript accumulation at some loci. Defects in siRNA-generation activity in response to turnip crinkle virus in dcl2 mutant plants correlated with increased virus susceptibility. We conclude that proliferation and diversification of DCL and RDR genes during evolution of plants contributed to specialization of small RNA-directed pathways for development, chromatin structure, and defense. In plants, RNA-mediated silencing pathways have diversified in unique ways. This study elucidates the specific functions of some of the key regulators in development, chromatin structure, and pathogen defense
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