Of Fingers, Zippers, and Boxes
Of Fingers, Zippers, and Boxes
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手指、拉链和盒子
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. Gruissem
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Gruissem
真核细胞中的转录由大量的反式作用调节蛋白控制，其中大多数识别转录起始位点5'端的顺式作用DNA序列。在一些情况下，已经证明，在发育程序的背景下，转录调节因子的表达和特异性DNA结合控制基因的时空表达。转录调节因子也是细胞内信号转导链的一部分，细胞通过信号转导链整合环境和生理信号来改变基因的转录状态。例如，光是植物中最广泛研究的信号之一，并且已经鉴定了几种与光响应基因的启动子区中的调控DNA序列结合的蛋白质（Gilmartin et al.，1990年）。然而，生物化学途径和转录调节因子下游的基因在很大程度上仍然是未知的。转录调节因子及其基因的分离和DNA结合位点的鉴定通常是信号转导链的遗传、生物化学和分子解剖中重要的第一步。在这方面，植物也不例外，并且许多植物可用的有效转化系统实际上是允许快速和详细剖析调控启动子元件的强大工具。本期的两篇报道分析了具有复杂的发育和器官特异性表达模式的基因的启动子区域。Ohl等（第837-848页）描述了从拟南芥中分离和部分鉴定苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）基因。该酶催化苯丙素类生物合成的第一步，苯丙素类是响应植物发育程序、病原体攻击以及UV和机械胁迫而合成的。在拟南芥中，PAL是由一个多基因家族编码的，其大小与来自豆类、欧芹和水稻的那些相当，支持单个PAL基因可能编码具有不同功能专门化的变体产物的假设。转基因拟南芥中PAL启动子的β-葡糖醛酸酶活性表达对发育线索、创伤和光照有反应。这种表达模式类似于转基因烟草中菜豆PAL启动子的反应（Bevan et al.，1989; Liang等人，1989），并表明启动子区域内的调控元件在广泛的植物中是保守的。与此相一致的是，Ohl等（第837-848页）和Lois等（1989）鉴定了在拟南芥和欧芹PAL启动子区中保守的DNA序列基序，这些基序存在于...
IN THlS ISSUE Transcription in eukaryotic cells is controlled by a large number of transacting regulatory proteins, most of which recognize cis-acting DNA sequences 5' to the transcription start site. In several cases, it has been demonstrated that expression and specific DNA binding of transcriptional regulators in the context of a developmental program control the temporal and spatial expression of genes. Transcriptional regulators are also part of intracellular sig-na1 transduction chains by which cells integrate environmental and physiological cues to change the transcriptional status of genes. As an example, light is one of the most widely studied signals in plants, and several proteins have been identified that bind to regulatory DNA sequences in the promoter regions of light-responsive genes (Gilmartin et al., 1990). The biochemical pathways and the genes downstream of the transcriptional regulators, however, are still largely unknown. The isolation of transcriptional regulators and their genes and the identification of their DNA binding sites are often the important first steps in the genetic, biochemical, and molecular dissection of signal transduction chains. In this respect, plants are no exception , and the efficient transformation systems available for many plants are, in fact, powerful tools that allow the rapid and detailed dissection of regulatory promoter elements. Two reports in this issue analyze promoter regions for genes that have complex developmental and organ-specific expression patterns. Ohl et al. (pages 837-848) describe the isolation and partia1 characterization of a gene for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) from Arabidopsis. This enzyme catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, which are synthesized in response to the plant developmental program, pathogen attack, and UV and mechanical stress. In Arabidopsis, PAL is encoded by a multigene family of comparable size to those from bean, parsley, and rice, supporting the hypothesis that individual PAL genes may encode variant products with distinct functional specializations. Expression of p-glucu-ronidase activity from the PAL promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis responds to developmental cues, wounding, and light. This expression pattern is similar to the response of the bean PAL promoter in transgenic tobacco (Bevan et al., 1989; Liang et al., 1989) and suggests that regulatory elements within the promoter regions are conserved in a wide range of plants. Consistent with this is the identification in Ohl et al. (pages 837-848) and Lois et al. (1989) of DNA sequence motifs that are conserved in the Arabidopsis and parsley PAL promoter regions and that are present …
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.87.1.46
发表时间：
1990-01-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
SCHMIDT, RJ;BURR, FA;BURR, B
通讯作者：
BURR, B