Expectation and Locality Effects in German Verb-final Structures.
Expectation and Locality Effects in German Verb-final Structures.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jml.2012.02.005
复制
发表时间：
2013-02-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Keller, Frank
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levy, Roger P.;Keller, Frank
关键词：
概率期望和记忆限制是控制自然语言实时理解的核心因素，但这两个因素如何相互作用仍然知之甚少。这两个因素在理论上发生冲突的一个方面是对局部性效应和反局部性效应的文献记录，局部性效应是指在一个支配动词之前更多的依存词会增加对动词的处理难度，而反局部性效应是指更多的前面依存词会促进对动词的处理。然而，目前还没有对照研究证明同一语言中同一类型依赖关系的局部性和反局部性效应。此外，许多先前的反局部性效应的演示可能与词汇同一性、合理性和句子位置混淆。在此，我们提供了新的证据，证明在同一种语言——德语动词结语——中，在控制词汇同一性、似是而非和句子位置的情况下，同一类型的依赖关系中存在局部性和反局部性效应。在主句中，我们发现了明显的反局部性效应，在最后一个动词的处理中，前面谓语的存在促进了处理；在动词依存词的线性顺序相同的主语提取关系分句中，我们发现反定域性和定域性效应，当动词前面单独有与格论点时，处理容易，但当动词前面同时有与格论点和助词时，处理受阻。这些结果表明，在任何完整的在线句法理解理论中，期望和记忆限制都需要考虑在内。
Probabilistic expectations and memory limitations are central factors governing the real-time comprehension of natural language, but how the two factors interact remains poorly understood. One respect in which the two factors have come into theoretical conflict is the documentation of both locality effects, in which more dependents preceding a governing verb increase processing difficulty at the verb, and anti-locality effects, in which more preceding dependents facilitate processing at the verb. However, no controlled study has previously demonstrated both locality and anti-locality effects in the same type of dependency relation within the same language. Additionally, many previous demonstrations of anti-locality effects have been potentially confounded with lexical identity, plausibility, and sentence position. Here, we provide new evidence of both locality and anti-locality effects in the same type of dependency relation in a single language—verb-final constructions in German—while controlling for lexical identity, plausibility, and sentence position. In main clauses, we find clear anti-locality effects, with the presence of a preceding dative argument facilitating processing at the final verb; in subject-extracted relative clauses with identical linear ordering of verbal dependents, we find both anti-locality and locality effects, with processing facilitated when the verb is preceded by a dative argument alone, but hindered when the verb is preceded by both the dative argument and an adjunct. These results indicate that both expectations and memory limitations need to be accounted for in any complete theory of online syntactic comprehension.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Grodner, D;Gibson, E
通讯作者：
Gibson, E
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Hsiao, F;Gibson, E
通讯作者：
Gibson, E
DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.27.6.1411
发表时间：
2001-11-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Gordon, PC;Hendrick, R;Johnson, M
通讯作者：
Johnson, M
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Altmann, GTM;Kamide, Y
通讯作者：
Kamide, Y
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
KUTAS, M;HILLYARD, SA
通讯作者：
HILLYARD, SA