An outer hair cell-powered global hydromechanical mechanism for cochlear amplification.
An outer hair cell-powered global hydromechanical mechanism for cochlear amplification.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.heares.2021.108407
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发表时间：
2022-09-15
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Ren, Tianying
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
He, Wenxuan;Burwood, George;Fridberger, Anders;Nuttall, Alfred L.;Ren, Tianying
人们普遍认为，哺乳动物的耳蜗是通过基于外毛细胞的活动过程或耳蜗放大来实现其敏感度、频率选择性和动态范围的。当声诱发行波从耳蜗底向耳蜗尖传播时，狭窄区域的外毛细胞通过局部反馈机制放大低水平的声诱发振动。这一被广泛接受的理论已经通过使用外差低相干干涉术和光学相干断层扫描测量敏感的活体耳蜗中Corti器官内的声音诱导的亚纳米振动来验证。这篇简短的综述的目的是总结作者小组关于耳蜗活动过程的实验结果。我们的数据显示，在活体内，外毛细胞能够在所有可听频率下产生实质性的力量来驱动耳蜗区。声学诱导的网状板振动比基底膜振动更大，调谐范围更广。网状板和基底膜在低频下近似相反方向振动，在最佳频率下沿相同方向振动。网状板的群延时大于基底膜。网状板和基底膜振动之间的幅度和相位差异在生理上是脆弱的。这些结果与基于局部反馈机制的预测相矛盾，但表明耳蜗放大是一种全局流体力学机制。
It is a common belief that the mammalian cochlea achieves its exquisite sensitivity, frequency selectivity, and dynamic range through an outer hair cell-based active process, or cochlear amplification. As a sound-induced traveling wave propagates from the cochlear base toward the apex, outer hair cells at a narrow region amplify the low level sound-induced vibration through a local feedback mechanism. This widely accepted theory has been tested by measuring sound-induced sub-nanometer vibrations within the organ of Corti in the sensitive living cochleae using heterodyne low-coherence interferometry and optical coherence tomography. The aim of this short review is to summarize experimental findings on the cochlear active process by the authors’ group. Our data show that outer hair cells are able to generate substantial forces for driving the cochlear partition at all audible frequencies in vivo. The acoustically induced reticular lamina vibration is larger and more broadly tuned than the basilar membrane vibration. The reticular lamina and basilar membrane vibrate approximately in opposite directions at low frequencies and in the same direction at the best frequency. The group delay of the reticular lamina is larger than that of the basilar membrane. The magnitude and phase differences between the reticular lamina and basilar membrane vibration are physiologically vulnerable. These results contradict predictions based on the local feedback mechanism but suggest a global hydromechanical mechanism for cochlear amplification.
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