Trafficking and retention of protein antigens across systems and immune cell types.

Trafficking and retention of protein antigens across systems and immune cell types.
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蛋白质抗原在系统和免疫细胞类型中的运输和保留。

DOI:
10.1007/s00018-022-04303-4
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发表时间:
2022-05-03
期刊:
Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS
影响因子:
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其他
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在对感染或疫苗接种的应答中,免疫系统最初对外来攻击(先天性)产生非特异性应答,然后对外来抗原产生特异性应答(适应性)。免疫反应的程序是由抗原的扩散和传递形成的。抗原的大小、先天免疫激活和损伤的位置都决定了如何处理抗原。在这篇综述中,我们概述了哪些特定的细胞类型所需的抗原贩运,哪些过程需要主动相比,被动运输,特定的细胞类型保留抗原和病毒(人类免疫缺陷病毒,流感和仙台病毒,水泡性口炎病毒,牛痘病毒)和模式识别受体激活,可以启动抗原保留的能力。蛋白质抗原定位在哪里以及它保持多长时间对于形成保护性免疫反应至关重要。因此,了解抗原运输和保留对于了解免疫应答的类型和程度是必要的,并且对于开发新的疫苗和治疗靶点是必不可少的。
In response to infection or vaccination, the immune system initially responds non-specifically to the foreign insult (innate) and then develops a specific response to the foreign antigen (adaptive). The programming of the immune response is shaped by the dispersal and delivery of antigens. The antigen size, innate immune activation and location of the insult all determine how antigens are handled. In this review we outline which specific cell types are required for antigen trafficking, which processes require active compared to passive transport, the ability of specific cell types to retain antigens and the viruses (human immunodeficiency virus, influenza and Sendai virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, vaccinia virus) and pattern recognition receptor activation that can initiate antigen retention. Both where the protein antigen is localized and how long it remains are critically important in shaping protective immune responses. Therefore, understanding antigen trafficking and retention is necessary to understand the type and magnitude of the immune response and essential for the development of novel vaccine and therapeutic targets.
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