Domestication of transposable elements into MicroRNA genes in plants.

Domestication of transposable elements into MicroRNA genes in plants.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0019212
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发表时间:
2011-05-03
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Jin Y
Jin Y
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li Y;Li C;Xia J;Jin Y

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转座元件(TE)通常占据真核基因组的很大一部分。 TE 的活动可能导致基因组不稳定或基因突变,对宿主有害甚至是灾难性的。 TE 还在许多方面对基因和基因组进化做出了贡献。已发现哺乳动物中的部分 miRNA 基因源自转座子,而植物中则缺乏令人信服的证据。我们发现相当多的先前注释的植物miRNA与转座子(TE-MIR)相同或同源,其中包括少量符合普遍接受的植物miRNA注释规则的真正的miRNA基因,以及发夹衍生的siRNA可能是预进化的miRNA。对这些 TE-MIR 的分析表明,从中拷贝 TE 到高拷贝 TE 向 miRNA 基因的转变可能会经历反向重复形成、序列物种形成和适应 miRNA 生物发生等步骤。我们还鉴定了 TE-MIR 的初始靶基因,其 CDS 中包含同源 TE 插入的结果的同源序列。大约三分之一的初始目标 mRNA 得到公开可用的 TE-MIR sRNA 诱导切割的降解组测序数据的支持。 TE-MIR 的目标偏向于非 TE 相关基因,表明它们在进化过程中倾向于获得细胞功能。有趣的是,大多数 TE 插入跨越编码序列和非编码序列之间的边界,表明它们通过剪接或翻译起始或终止信号的改变并入 CDS。总而言之,我们的研究结果表明,基因丰富区域中的 TE 可以在转录本的非编码部分形成折返,最终可能演变成 miRNA 基因或整合到蛋白质编码序列中,以“温和”的方式形成潜在的靶标。因此,转座子可以作为植物中 miRNA-靶标相互作用进化的资源。
Transposable elements (TE) usually take up a substantial portion of eukaryotic genome. Activities of TEs can cause genome instability or gene mutations that are harmful or even disastrous to the host. TEs also contribute to gene and genome evolution at many aspects. Part of miRNA genes in mammals have been found to derive from transposons while convincing evidences are absent for plants. We found that a considerable number of previously annotated plant miRNAs are identical or homologous to transposons (TE-MIR), which include a small number of bona fide miRNA genes that conform to generally accepted plant miRNA annotation rules, and hairpin derived siRNAs likely to be pre-evolved miRNAs. Analysis of these TE-MIRs indicate that transitions from the medium to high copy TEs into miRNA genes may undergo steps such as inverted repeat formation, sequence speciation and adaptation to miRNA biogenesis. We also identified initial target genes of the TE-MIRs, which contain homologous sequences in their CDS as consequence of cognate TE insertions. About one-third of the initial target mRNAs are supported by publicly available degradome sequencing data for TE-MIR sRNA induced cleavages. Targets of the TE-MIRs are biased to non-TE related genes indicating their penchant to acquire cellular functions during evolution. Interestingly, most of these TE insertions span boundaries between coding and non-coding sequences indicating their incorporation into CDS through alteration of splicing or translation start or stop signals. Taken together, our findings suggest that TEs in gene rich regions can form foldbacks in non-coding part of transcripts that may eventually evolve into miRNA genes or be integrated into protein coding sequences to form potential targets in a “temperate” manner. Thus, transposons may supply as resources for the evolution of miRNA-target interactions in plants.
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