Modeling X-chromosome inactivation and reactivation during human development.
Modeling X-chromosome inactivation and reactivation during human development.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gde.2023.102096
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发表时间：
2023-10
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Theunissen, Thorold W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khan, Shafqat A.;Theunissen, Thorold W.
基于干细胞的胚胎模型产生了许多令人兴奋的事情，因为它们为了解人类发育的早期阶段提供了一个窗口，而科学研究在很大程度上仍无法接触到这一阶段。在早期胚胎发生过程中一个重要的表观遗传现象是雌性胚胎中两条X染色体中的一条的表观遗传沉默，这确保了X连锁基因在两性之间的平等表达。X染色体失活(XCI)被认为是在人类发育的前三周内建立的，尽管不活跃的X染色体在迁移到胚胎性腺的原始生殖细胞(PGC)中被重新激活。在这里，我们总结了我们目前对人类发育过程中X染色体动力学的理解，并对最近建立的基于干细胞的模型揭示潜在机制的潜力进行了评论。
Stem-cell-based embryo models generate much excitement as they offer a window into an early phase of human development that has remained largely inaccessible to scientific investigation. An important epigenetic phenomenon during early embryogenesis is the epigenetic silencing of one of the two X-chromosomes in female embryos, which ensures an equal output of X-linked gene expression between the sexes. X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is thought to be established within the first three weeks of human development, although the inactive X-chromosome is reactivated in primordial germ cells (PGCs) that migrate to the embryonic gonads. Here, we summarize our current understanding of X-chromosome dynamics during human development and comment on the potential of recently established stem-cell-based models to reveal the underlying mechanisms.
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