From data to information: automating data science to explore the U.S. court system

From data to information: automating data science to explore the U.S. court system
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从数据到信息:自动化数据科学探索美国法院系统

DOI:
10.1145/3462757.3466100
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
ICAIL '21: Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Einarsson, Alexander
Einarsson, Alexander
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Paley, Andrew;Zhao, Andong L.;Pack, Harper;Servantez, Sergio;Adler, Rachel F.;Sterbentz, Marko;Pah, Adam;Schwartz, David;Barrie, Cameron;Einarsson, Alexander

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美国法院系统是国家司法的仲裁者,肩负着确保法律平等保护的责任。但是,获取信息的障碍掩盖了该系统的内部运作,阻碍了利益相关者--从法律学者到记者和公众--大规模了解美国的司法状况。这里有一个正在进行的数据访问争论:美国法院记录是公共数据,应该免费获得。但公开数据的争论代表着一种半途而废的做法;我们真正需要的是公开信息。这一区别标志着下载一个包含25万个案件摘要的压缩文件与获得实时答案之间的区别,这些问题包括:专业人士获得费用减免的可能性更大还是更小?为了帮助弥合这一差距,我们推出了一种新颖的平台和用户体验,为用户提供了通过自然语言语句探索数据和推动分析所需的工具。我们的方法利用本体配置,将与领域相关的数据语义添加到数据库模式中,以提供对用户指南以及搜索和分析的支持,而无需用户输入代码或SQL。该系统体现在“自然语言笔记本”的用户体验中,我们将这种方法应用于美国联邦法院系统的案件摘要数据空间。此外,我们提供了关于摘要本身的收集、摄取和处理的详细信息,包括使用语言建模进行摘要条目分类的早期实验,最初的重点是动作。
The U.S. court system is the nation's arbiter of justice, tasked with the responsibility of ensuring equal protection under the law. But hurdles to information access obscure the inner workings of the system, preventing stakeholders - from legal scholars to journalists and members of the public - from understanding the state of justice in America at scale. There is an ongoing data access argument here: U.S. court records are public data and should be freely available. But open data arguments represent a half-measure; what we really need is open information. This distinction marks the difference between downloading a zip file containing a quarter-million case dockets and getting the real-time answer to a question like "Are pro se parties more or less likely to receive fee waivers?" To help bridge that gap, we introduce a novel platform and user experience that provides users with the tools necessary to explore data and drive analysis via natural language statements. Our approach leverages an ontology configuration that adds domain-relevant data semantics to database schemas to provide support for user guidance and for search and analysis without user-entered code or SQL. The system is embodied in a "natural-language notebook" user experience, and we apply this approach to the space of case docket data from the U.S. federal court system. Additionally, we provide detail on the collection, ingestion and processing of the dockets themselves, including early experiments in the use of language modeling for docket entry classification with an initial focus on motions.
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