Developing and implementing core competencies in children's environmental health for students, trainees and healthcare providers: a narrative review.
Developing and implementing core competencies in children's environmental health for students, trainees and healthcare providers: a narrative review.
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开发和实施的核心竞争力，在儿童的环境健康的学生，学员和医疗保健提供者：叙事审查。
DOI：
10.1186/s12909-021-02921-3
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发表时间：
2021-09-24
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Miller MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goldman RH;Zajac L;Geller RJ;Miller MD
在过去40年中，关于环境暴露（如污染灾害、空气质量差、水污染、气候变化）对儿童健康的影响的知识大大增加。世界卫生组织（世卫组织）估计，全世界23%的死亡可归因于环境，消除环境风险因素可避免26%的5岁以下儿童死亡。然而，很少有渗透医学教育，留下儿科提供者没有装备来解决这些问题。为了解决这一差距，儿科环境卫生专业单位的成员，一个美国全国性的学术专家网络，创建了许多环境卫生教育材料和项目，确定了卫生保健提供者需要的15个核心环境卫生（EH）能力，使他们能够有效地解决环境卫生问题。这些能力可以作为发展和实施相关教育计划的基础。核心环境卫生能力基于以下基本要素：1)“儿童环境卫生”的定义，描述生命早期环境暴露（积极和消极）如何影响儿童和整个人类生命周期的健康和发展2)儿童不是“小大人”，因此对环境危害具有独特的脆弱性；3)存在环境卫生不公平现象，导致一些儿童接触的不健康因素过多，因此受到不利影响的风险更大；4)气候变化将转化为许多不利的健康影响，尤其会影响到全世界的儿童。在本文中，作者描述了核心环境健康能力，并提供了针对各级培训和实践的资源、在线工具、策略和示例，以更好地使领导者和教育者将这一重要内容带到最前沿。
Knowledge of the health impacts of environmental exposures (such as pollution disasters, poor air quality, water contamination, climate change) on children’s health has dramatically increased in the past 40 years. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 23% of all deaths worldwide were attributable to the environment, and 26% of deaths in children less than 5 years old could be prevented with removal of environmental risks factors. Yet, little has permeated medical education, leaving pediatric providers ill equipped to address these issues. To address this gap, members from the Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units, a United States nationwide network of academically affiliated experts who have created numerous environmental health educational materials and programs, have identified fifteen core environmental health (EH) competencies needed by health care providers to enable them to effectively address environmental health concerns. These competencies can serve as the foundation for the development and implementation of relevant educational programs. The core EH competencies are based upon these foundational elements: 1) Definition of “children’s environmental health” that describes how environmental exposures (positive and negative) in early life influence the health and development in childhood and across the entire human life span 2) Children are not “little adults” and so have unique vulnerabilities to environmental hazards; 3) Environmental health inequities exist, causing some children to have a disproportionate amount of unhealthy exposures and consequently a greater risk of adverse effects; 4) Climate change will translate to numerous adverse health effects that will particularly affect children worldwide. In this article, the authors describe the core environmental health competencies and provide resources, online tools, strategies, and examples targeted to all levels of training and practice to better enable leaders and educators to bring this important content to the forefront.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
Byrne, Lauren M;Nasca, Thomas J
通讯作者：
Nasca, Thomas J
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Galvez, Maida P.;Balk, Sophie J.
通讯作者：
Balk, Sophie J.
影响因子：
9.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
Thorpe, Lorna
影响因子：
8
作者：
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
10.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
Wright RJ