Pitcher geometry facilitates extrinsically powered 'springboard trapping' in carnivorous Nepenthes gracilis pitcher plants.
Pitcher geometry facilitates extrinsically powered 'springboard trapping' in carnivorous Nepenthes gracilis pitcher plants.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2022.0106
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发表时间：
2022-08
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
肉食性猪笼草在杯状叶子中捕捉昆虫，这种叶子起到了静止陷阱的作用。猪笼草进化出一种独特的跳板陷阱机制，它利用雨滴的撞击能量来驱动伞状水壶盖的快速枢转运动。我们叠加了同一水罐的多个计算机显微断层图像，以揭示捕获盖子的细小新月球藻和与诱捕陷阱密切相关的莱夫莱西亚新菌的不同变形模式。我们发现只有纤细管藻的盖子向下移位和向上移位有显著差异。向下移动的特点是在两个不同的变形区弯曲，而向上移动是通过均匀分布的整个水罐后部上部的矫直来完成的。这表明了一种各向异性的冲击响应，这可能有助于最大限度地增加猎物捕获的初始冲击力，以及随后的振荡衰减。我们的结果表明，投手的几何形状对于有效地捕捉纤细管藻的“跳板”起到了关键作用。
Carnivorous pitcher plants capture insects in cup-shaped leaves that function as motionless pitfall traps. Nepenthes gracilis evolved a unique ‘springboard' trapping mechanism that exploits the impact energy of falling raindrops to actuate a fast pivoting motion of the canopy-like pitcher lid. We superimposed multiple computed micro-tomography images of the same pitcher to reveal distinct deformation patterns in lid-trapping N. gracilis and closely related pitfall-trapping N. rafflesiana. We found prominent differences between downward and upward lid displacement in N. gracilis only. Downward displacement was characterized by bending in two distinct deformation zones whist upward displacement was accomplished by evenly distributed straightening of the entire upper rear section of the pitcher. This suggests an anisotropic impact response, which may help to maximize initial jerk forces for prey capture, as well as the subsequent damping of the oscillation. Our results point to a key role of pitcher geometry for effective ‘springboard' trapping in N. gracilis.
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