Developmental Changes in Natural Viewing Behavior: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Differences between Children, Young Adults and Older Adults.
Developmental Changes in Natural Viewing Behavior: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Differences between Children, Young Adults and Older Adults.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00207
复制
发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
König P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Açık A;Sarwary A;Schultze-Kraft R;Onat S;König P
尽管人们对自然条件下的固定选择越来越感兴趣，但在其发育方面的文献中仍有很大的差距。在生命的早期，自下而上的过程，如局部图像特征颜色、亮度对比度等引导观看，可能是突出的，但后来被更多的自上而下的处理所掩盖。此外，随着老年人视觉功能的下降，自下而上的处理能力也会受到影响。在这里，我们记录了7到9岁的儿童、19到27岁的成年人和72岁以上的老年人的眼球运动，同时他们在执行补丁识别任务之前观看了自然和复杂的图像。任务绩效呈现典型的倒U型，年轻人的任务绩效优于其他年龄段。局部特征值的注视辨别表现随着年龄的增长而下降。儿童在注视点上表现出最高的特征值，这表明这是一种自下而上的机制，而老年人的观看行为对特征的依赖程度较低，这让人想起了自上而下的策略。重要的是，我们观察到儿童和老年人之间在积极观看对特征相关观看的影响方面存在双重分离：探索能力与特征相关观看在年轻时呈负相关，在老年人中呈正相关。结果表明，随着年龄的增长，自下而上的注视选择失去了力量和/或自上而下的过程的作用变得更加重要。老年人通过更具探索性来增加他们与特征相关的观看能力，他们会利用这些低水平的信息，在任务中表现得更好。因此，本研究揭示了自然观看和任务引导观看的一个重要的发展变化。
Despite the growing interest in fixation selection under natural conditions, there is a major gap in the literature concerning its developmental aspects. Early in life, bottom-up processes, such as local image feature – color, luminance contrast etc. – guided viewing, might be prominent but later overshadowed by more top-down processing. Moreover, with decline in visual functioning in old age, bottom-up processing is known to suffer. Here we recorded eye movements of 7- to 9-year-old children, 19- to 27-year-old adults, and older adults above 72 years of age while they viewed natural and complex images before performing a patch-recognition task. Task performance displayed the classical inverted U-shape, with young adults outperforming the other age groups. Fixation discrimination performance of local feature values dropped with age. Whereas children displayed the highest feature values at fixated points, suggesting a bottom-up mechanism, older adult viewing behavior was less feature-dependent, reminiscent of a top-down strategy. Importantly, we observed a double dissociation between children and elderly regarding the effects of active viewing on feature-related viewing: Explorativeness correlated with feature-related viewing negatively in young age, and positively in older adults. The results indicate that, with age, bottom-up fixation selection loses strength and/or the role of top-down processes becomes more important. Older adults who increase their feature-related viewing by being more explorative make use of this low-level information and perform better in the task. The present study thus reveals an important developmental change in natural and task-guided viewing.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Baltes, PB;Lindenberger, U
通讯作者：
Lindenberger, U
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Foulsham, Tom;Barton, Jason J. S.;Underwood, Geoffrey
通讯作者：
Underwood, Geoffrey
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
BALL, K;OWSLEY, C
通讯作者：
OWSLEY, C
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Einhaeuser, Wolfgang;Rutishauser, Ueli;Koch, Christof
通讯作者：
Koch, Christof
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Haegerstrom-Portnoy, G;Scheck, ME;Brabyn, JA
通讯作者：
Brabyn, JA