Complex macroevolutionary dynamics underly the evolution of the crocodyliform skull.

Complex macroevolutionary dynamics underly the evolution of the crocodyliform skull.
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DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2021.0919
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发表时间:
2021-07-14
期刊:
Proceedings. Biological sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Goswami A
Goswami A
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Felice RN;Pol D;Goswami A

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所有现代鳄形类(短吻鳄、鳄鱼和长吻鄂)都是半水生的多面手食肉动物,它们的头部形状和功能相对相似。然而,这种同质性只是曾经存在于进化枝中的变异的一小部分,其中包括具有不同头骨结构和功能的已灭绝的草食性和海洋形式。在这里,我们使用高维三维几何形态测量学来量化现代鳄形目和化石鳄形目的全头骨形态,以解开塑造该分支随着时间的推移的宏观进化历史和相对较低的表型变异的因素。进化模型表明,鳄形头骨进化的速度最初很高,特别是在已灭绝的Notosuchia中,但在Neosuchia基地附近放缓,在冠群鳄鱼中出现了后期的快速进化。令人惊讶的是,现代鳄鱼,特别是澳大利亚,东南亚,印度-太平洋物种,尽管表现出低变异,但进化速度很高。因此,现存的谱系并没有处于进化停滞状态,而是在有限的形态空间区域内迅速波动,导致显著的趋同。与颌骨闭合和咬合力产生相关的结构(例如翼突凸缘和方骨)是高度可变的,加强了功能在驱动表型变异中的重要性。总之,这些发现表明,鳄鱼形头骨的明显保守性揭示了其宏观进化动力学中未被重视的复杂性。
All modern crocodyliforms (alligators, crocodiles and the gharial) are semi-aquatic generalist carnivores that are relatively similar in cranial form and function. However, this homogeneity represents just a fraction of the variation that once existed in the clade, which includes extinct herbivorous and marine forms with divergent skull structure and function. Here, we use high-dimensional three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to quantify whole-skull morphology across modern and fossil crocodyliforms to untangle the factors that shaped the macroevolutionary history and relatively low phenotypic variation of this clade through time. Evolutionary modelling demonstrates that the pace of crocodyliform cranial evolution is initially high, particularly in the extinct Notosuchia, but slows near the base of Neosuchia, with a late burst of rapid evolution in crown-group crocodiles. Surprisingly, modern crocodiles, especially Australian, southeast Asian, Indo-Pacific species, have high rates of evolution, despite exhibiting low variation. Thus, extant lineages are not in evolutionary stasis but rather have rapidly fluctuated within a limited region of morphospace, resulting in significant convergence. The structures related to jaw closing and bite force production (e.g. pterygoid flange and quadrate) are highly variable, reinforcing the importance of function in driving phenotypic variation. Together, these findings illustrate that the apparent conservativeness of crocodyliform skulls betrays unappreciated complexity in their macroevolutionary dynamics.
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