Silkworm and spider silk electrospinning: a review.
Silkworm and spider silk electrospinning: a review.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10311-020-01147-x
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
15.7
通讯作者：
Salaün F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Belbéoch C;Lejeune J;Vroman P;Salaün F
化石燃料和塑料污染问题正在将公众需求转向生物聚合物纺织品。例如，丝绸在中国至少有五千年的传统使用，随着高科技纺织方法的发展，丝绸在研究和工业中重新出现。各种节肢动物，例如昆虫和蜘蛛，产生具有独特性质的丝状蛋白质纤维，例如抗性、弹性、粘性和韧性，其在生物材料应用中显示出巨大的潜力。与合成类似物相比，蚕丝具有密度低、可降解和多功能性等优点。静电纺丝允许产生非织造垫，其孔径和结构在纳米尺度上显示出前所未有的特性，而不是经典的编织方法或现代技术，如熔喷。静电纺丝最近允许生产丝支架，其应用于再生医学、药物递送、去污染和过滤。本文综述了家蚕、十字园蛛和棒足蜘蛛的吐丝器的产丝情况。本文介绍了利用生物技术获得丝蛋白的方法，以及静电纺丝原液的制备。我们讨论了丝在纯聚合物纺丝和多元复合材料中的力学性能。这篇综述强调了两种非常不同的纺纱技术之间的相似性：生物和静电纺纱工艺。
Issues of fossil fuel and plastic pollution are shifting public demand toward biopolymer-based textiles. For instance, silk, which has been traditionally used during at least 5 milleniums in China, is re-emerging in research and industry with the development of high-tech spinning methods. Various arthropods, e.g. insects and arachnids, produce silky proteinic fiber of unique properties such as resistance, elasticity, stickiness and toughness, that show huge potential for biomaterial applications. Compared to synthetic analogs, silk presents advantages of low density, degradability and versatility. Electrospinning allows the creation of nonwoven mats whose pore size and structure show unprecedented characteristics at the nanometric scale, versus classical weaving methods or modern techniques such as melt blowing. Electrospinning has recently allowed to produce silk scaffolds, with applications in regenerative medicine, drug delivery, depollution and filtration. Here we review silk production by the spinning apparatus of the silkworm Bombyx mori and the spiders Aranea diadematus and Nephila Clavipes. We present the biotechnological procedures to get silk proteins, and the preparation of a spinning dope for electrospinning. We discuss silk’s mechanical properties in mats obtained from pure polymer dope and multi-composites. This review highlights the similarity between two very different yarn spinning techniques: biological and electrospinning processes.
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