What are the ethical issues involved in noninvasive prenatal testing in Japan?
What are the ethical issues involved in noninvasive prenatal testing in Japan?
复制标题
日本无创产前检测涉及哪些伦理问题？
DOI：
10.1111/jog.15089
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Suzumori Nobuhiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
西川太朗;岩橋尚幸;池﨑みどり;井原義人;井箟一彦;内村健治;西辻和親;松川仁登美;Suzumori Nobuhiro
目的 自 2011 年起，全球范围内开始对孕妇进行无创产前检测 (NIPT)，目前已在 90 多个国家/地区开展。然而，日本的采用率仍不足2%。本综述旨在确定围绕无创产前筛查的伦理和实际问题，包括测试的目的、其利弊、有关公平待遇的问题和社会因素，以更好地理解采用率仍然较低的原因。方法本研究探讨了围绕无创产前筛查的复杂伦理问题，包括测试的目的、其利弊、与公平待遇相关的问题以及社会因素。 结果尽管使用母血对常见胎儿三体性进行游离DNA分析非常准确，但缺乏此类检测的机会以及社会上的歧视态度仍然是重要的障碍。是否进行无创产前筛查、是否继续妊娠等个人选择有时会受到一些人的批评，认为这会导致“生命的选择”或对残疾人的歧视。结论 近年来，产科发生了巨大变化，产前诊断技术也取得了进步。为了跟上这些进步，应该提供更好的信息，以确保公众对筛查有更细致的了解，而不仅仅是过度使用的“筛查导致“生命选择”的论点。
AimsNoninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) of pregnant women has been performed worldwide since 2011, and it is currently performed in more than 90 countries. However, the rate of adoption in Japan remains at less than 2%. This review seeks to identify the ethical and practical issues surrounding noninvasive prenatal screening—including the purpose of the test, its pros and cons, issues surrounding fair treatment, and social factors—to better understand why the adoption rate remains low.MethodsThis study examines the complex ethical issues surrounding noninvasive prenatal testing, including the purpose of the test, its pros and cons, issues related to fair treatment, and social factors.ResultsAlthough cell‐free DNA analysis for common fetal trisomies using maternal blood is highly accurate, lack of access to such testing and discriminatory attitudes in society remain important barriers. Personal choices such as whether to undergo noninvasive prenatal screening and whether to continue a pregnancy are sometimes criticized by those who believe that it leads to the “selection of life” or discrimination against people with disabilities.ConclusionsObstetrics has changed dramatically in recent years, and prenatal diagnosis technology has also advanced. To keep up with these advances, better information should be provided to ensure the public has a more nuanced understanding of the screening beyond the overused argument that it leads to “selection of life.”
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