Activation of CYCD7;1 in the central cell and early endosperm overcomes cell-cycle arrest in the Arabidopsis female gametophyte, and promotes early endosperm and embryo development.
Activation of CYCD7;1 in the central cell and early endosperm overcomes cell-cycle arrest in the Arabidopsis female gametophyte, and promotes early endosperm and embryo development.
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DOI：
10.1111/tpj.12957
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发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Murray JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sornay E;Forzani C;Forero-Vargas M;Dewitte W;Murray JA
在被子植物中，巨配子体的卵和中央细胞的双受精分别导致胚和胚乳的发育。控制细胞周期进程是雌配子体成功受精和发育的关键。使用印迹FWA启动子的D型细胞周期蛋白CYCD 7;1（endCYCD 7;1）的中央细胞靶向表达克服了拟南芥雌性配子体中未受精胚珠中中央细胞的周期停滞，导致高频率的多核中央细胞。与受精不依赖种子（fis）突变体不同，但与致死性视网膜母细胞瘤相关（rbr）突变体相似，不会触发种皮发育。与rbr缺失的情况不同，胚乳中的受精后endCYCD 7;1增加了合胞胚乳发育期间的细胞核数量，并诱导发育种子的部分败育，与存活种子的大小增加有关。致死率的频率低于多核中央细胞的频率，表明这些方面没有因果关系。这些较大的种子含有由更多野生型细胞组成的较大胚，被由更多细胞组成的种皮包围。这些较大的种子产生的幼苗表现出更快的幼苗建立和早期生长。类似地，两种不同的胚胎致死突变体也赋予存活的兄弟姐妹增大的种子大小，这与种子大小增加是对兄弟姐妹致死的一般反应一致，尽管发现细胞机制不同。我们的数据表明，严格控制CYCD活性在中央细胞和发育中的胚乳是必要的最佳种子形成。控制雌配子体的细胞周期进程对受精和发育至关重要。在这里，我们使用中央细胞周期蛋白的靶向激活，以表明中央细胞核的分裂可以从卵细胞增殖中解耦。这些品系的进一步表型表明，CYCD活性的精确控制是种子发育所必需的。
In angiosperms, double fertilization of the egg and central cell of the megagametophyte leads to the development of the embryo and endosperm, respectively. Control of cell cycle progression in the megagametophyte is essential for successful fertilization and development. Central cell‐targeted expression of the D‐type cyclin CYCD7;1 (endCYCD7;1) using the imprinted FWA promoter overcomes cycle arrest of the central cell in the Arabidopsis female gametophyte in the unfertilized ovule, leading to multinucleate central cells at high frequency. Unlike FERTILIZATION‐INDEPENDENT SEED (fis) mutants, but similar to lethal RETINOBLASTOMA‐RELATED (rbr) mutants, no seed coat development is triggered. Unlike the case with loss of rbr, post‐fertilization endCYCD7;1 in the endosperm enhances the number of nuclei during syncytial endosperm development and induces the partial abortion of developing seeds, associated with the enhanced size of the surviving seeds. The frequency of lethality was less than the frequency of multinucleate central cells, indicating that these aspects are not causally linked. These larger seeds contain larger embryos composed of more cells of wild‐type size, surrounded by a seed coat composed of more cells. Seedlings arising from these larger seeds displayed faster seedling establishment and early growth. Similarly, two different embryo‐lethal mutants also conferred enlarged seed size in surviving siblings, consistent with seed size increase being a general response to sibling lethality, although the cellular mechanisms were found to be distinct. Our data suggest that tight control of CYCD activity in the central cell and in the developing endosperm is required for optimal seed formation. Controlling cell cycle progression in the female gametophyte is essential for fertilization and development. Here we use targeted activation of a cyclin in the central cell to show that division of the central cell nucleus can be uncoupled from egg cell proliferation. Further phenotypes of these lines show that accurate control of CYCD activity is needed for seed development.
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