Victim impact panels: who is sentenced to attend? Does attendance affect recidivism of first-time DWI offenders?
Victim impact panels: who is sentenced to attend? Does attendance affect recidivism of first-time DWI offenders?
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受害者影响小组：谁被判参加？
DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb02112.x
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Skipper,BJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C'deBaca,J;Lapham,SC;Paine,S;Skipper,BJ
背景：受害者影响小组（VIP）已被广泛实施，在美国的法官作为一种威慑酒后驾车，但很少有证据表明，他们的效用，在防止recidivism.ObjectivesThe的目的是检查法官的转介模式，以VIPs之间的多种族人口被定罪的第一次驾驶，而受损（DWI）罪犯和比较5年的累犯率的那些授权和不授权参加vips.Methods：研究参与者包括5238被定罪的第一次DWI罪犯谁被称为筛选程序在贝纳里洛县，新墨西哥州，谁完成了1989年4月和1995年10月之间的一个硕士级辅导员的个人访谈。逻辑回归分析被用来评估法官的偏好，在强制罪犯参加VIP。通过标准生命表分析计算转诊接受筛选后5年内再次犯罪的受试者百分比。考克斯比例风险分析被用来测试已知的独立预测因素对累犯的影响。单独的模型开发了整个人口，非西班牙裔罪犯，西班牙裔/墨西哥国家subgroup.Results：女性法官谁定期裁定DWI罪犯更有可能将罪犯的VIP。法官不太可能提到男性和罪犯不到12年的教育和未知的逮捕血液酒精浓度（BAC），和西班牙裔/墨西哥民族或其他种族/民族。法官更有可能将未婚罪犯转介给VIP。在控制了多个风险因素后，转介到VIP是不是一个强有力的预测累犯在西班牙裔和非西班牙裔族群，95%的置信限范围从0.8至1.0，相比那些没有referred.Conclusions：女性法官比男性法官更有可能将罪犯的VIP，和转介模式不同的罪犯的特点。VIP转诊并没有增加再逮捕率，但将其略微降低至根本没有。这项研究应采取随机设计，以控制转诊模式，并进一步确定强制罪犯到VIP的影响。
Background:Victim Impact Panels (VIPs) have been implemented widely in the United States by judges as a deterrent to drinking and driving, but there is little evidence of their utility in preventing recidivism.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to examine judges’ referral patterns to the VIPs among a multiethnic population of convicted first‐time driving while impaired (DWI) offenders and to compare 5‐year recidivism rates of those mandated and not mandated to attend the VIP.Methods:Study participants included 5238 convicted first‐time DWI offenders who were referred to a screening program in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, and who completed a personal interview with a master's‐level counselor between April 1989 and October 1995. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate judges’ preferences in mandating offenders to attend a VIP. The percent of subjects reoffending in the 5 years following their referral for screening was calculated by standard life‐table analyses. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to test the effects of known independent predictors for recidivism. Separate models were developed for the entire population, non‐Hispanic offenders, and Hispanic/Mexican national subgroups.Results:Female judges who regularly adjudicated DWI offenders were more likely to refer offenders to a VIP. Judges were less likely to refer men and offenders with less than 12 years of education and an unknown arrest blood alcohol concentration (BAC), and of Hispanic/Mexican national or other race/ethnicity. Judges were more likely to refer unmarried offenders to a VIP. After controlling for multiple risk factors, referral to VIP was not a strong predictor of recidivism in Hispanic and non‐Hispanic ethnic groups, with 95% confidence limits ranging from 0.8 to 1.0, compared to those not referred.Conclusions:Female judges were more likely than male judges to refer offenders to a VIP, and referral patterns varied by offender characteristics. The VIP referral did not increase rearrest rates but lowered them marginally to not at all. This study should be followed up with a randomized design to control for referral patterns and to further define the impact of mandating offenders to the VIP.
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影响因子：
5.9
作者：
H. Ross;J. Howard;M. Ganikos;E. D. Taylor
通讯作者：
E. D. Taylor
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
1985
期刊：
Journal of Studies on Alcohol
影响因子：
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作者：
A. McCormack
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DOI：
10.15288/jsa.1995.56.51
发表时间：
1995-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL
影响因子：
--
作者：
LAPHAM, SC;SKIPPER, BJ;SIMPSON, G
通讯作者：
SIMPSON, G
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
G. Sprang
通讯作者：
G. Sprang