Cross Inoculation of Rumen Fluid to Improve Dry Matter Disappearance and Its Effect on Bacterial Composition Using an in vitro Batch Culture Model.
Cross Inoculation of Rumen Fluid to Improve Dry Matter Disappearance and Its Effect on Bacterial Composition Using an in vitro Batch Culture Model.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2020.531404
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Greathead HMR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McDermott K;Lee MRF;McDowall KJ;Greathead HMR
反刍动物生产的环境压力可以通过提高消化效率来降低。以前在体内对瘤胃微生物群落进行操纵的尝试大多不成功，这可能是由于宿主的影响作用。使用体外连续批量培养技术，本研究的目的是确定一旦细菌群落与宿主解耦后是否可能进行操作。进行了两次交叉接种试验。试验1在屠宰时采集同一畜群的11头荷尔斯泰因-弗里西亚阉牛的瘤胃液，试验2采集同一公牛所生的11头夏洛莱杂交阉牛的瘤胃液，从出生起在同一农场饲喂纯草料饲粮。选择两种体外干物质消失差异最大的液体（IVDMD；“好”，“坏”）进行各自的实验。液体也按1:1混合，“混合”，用于接种模型。在实验1中，混合瘤胃液的IVDMD介于前24 h分批培养的两种瘤胃液的IVDMD之间（Good、Mix和Bad分别为34、29和20 g / 100 g DM， P < 0.001），这反映在记录的发酵参数中。在试验2中没有发现交叉接种的效果，其中Mix的表现与Bad最相似。在这两个实验中，随着微生物种群适应体外条件和液体之间的差异消失，IVDMD随着连续培养而增加。每个连续批次培养的性能提高与细菌多样性的减少有关。假丁酸弧菌属的增加被确定，这可能至少部分地负责观察到的消化效率的提高，而普雷沃氏菌在研究期间下降了50%。很可能除了宿主因素外，每个群落中还存在阻止其他微生物建立的个体因素。虽然我们无法控制细菌群落，但与宿主分离的微生物群导致了群落的变化，随着时间的推移，可能是由于环境的异质性，微生物群的多样性降低了，消化DM的效率提高了。
Environmental pressures of ruminant production could be reduced by improving digestive efficiency. Previous in vivo attempts to manipulate the rumen microbial community have largely been unsuccessful probably due to the influencing effect of the host. Using an in vitro consecutive batch culture technique, the aim of this study was to determine whether manipulation was possible once the bacterial community was uncoupled from the host. Two cross inoculation experiments were performed. Rumen fluid was collected at time of slaughter from 11 Holstein-Friesian steers from the same herd for Experiment 1, and in Experiment 2 were collected from 11 Charolais cross steers sired by the same bull and raised on a forage only diet on the same farm from birth. The two fluids that differed most in their in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD; “Good,” “Bad”) were selected for their respective experiment. The fluids were also mixed (1:1, “Mix”) and used to inoculate the model. In Experiment 1, the mixed rumen fluid resulted in an IVDMD midway between that of the two rumen fluids from which it was made for the first 24 h batch culture (34, 29, 20 g per 100 g DM for the Good, Mix, and Bad, respectively, P < 0.001) which was reflected in fermentation parameters recorded. No effect of cross inoculation was seen for Experiment 2, where the Mix performed most similarly to the Bad. In both experiments, IVDMD increased with consecutive culturing as the microbial population adapted to the in vitro conditions and differences between the fluids were lost. The improved performance with each consecutive batch culture was associated with reduced bacterial diversity. Increases in the genus Pseudobutyrivibrio were identified, which may be, at least in part, responsible for the improved digestive efficiency observed, whilst Prevotella declined by 50% over the study period. It is likely that along with host factors, there are individual factors within each community that prevent other microbes from establishing. Whilst we were unable to manipulate the bacterial community, uncoupling the microbiota from the host resulted in changes in the community, becoming less diverse with time, likely due to environmental heterogeneity, and more efficient at digesting DM.
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