Karakorum, the first capital of the Mongol world empire: an imperial city in a non-urban society
Karakorum, the first capital of the Mongol world empire: an imperial city in a non-urban society
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喀喇昆仑,蒙古世界帝国的第一个首都:非城市社会中的皇城
DOI:
10.1007/s41826-020-00039-x
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Susanne Reichert
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jan Bemmann;Susanne Reichert
Cities within a steppe environment and in societies based on pastoral nomadism are an often overlooked theme in the anthropological literature. Yet, with Karakorum, the first capital of the Mongol Empire (AD 1206–1368), we have a supreme example of such a city in the central landscape of the Orkhon valley in Mongolia. In this paper, we ask, what is the city in the steppes? Taking Karakorum as our starting point and case of reference and to attain a better comprehension of the characteristics of urbanism in the steppe, we apply a list of urban attributes compiled by Michael E. Smith (2016) to provide a thick description of Karakorum. The discussion not only comprises comparisons to other contemporary sites in Russia and Mongolia, but also addresses in detail the question of city–hinterland relations as a fundamental necessity for the survival of the city in an anti-urban environment. The analysis shows that during the Mongol period we can identify urbanism but no urbanization: there is no process of independent, natural growth of cities carried out by the population, but cities are “political” in the sense that they are deeply intertwined with the authority and have therefore much to tell about the relation between power and authority on the one hand and the ruled on the other.
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DOI:
--
发表时间:
1991
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
Willem van ca.ca. Ruysbroeck;P. Jackson;D. Morgan
通讯作者:
D. Morgan
影响因子:
2.8
作者:
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Christopher A. Pool
DOI:
--
发表时间:
1997
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
Thomas T. Allsen
通讯作者:
Thomas T. Allsen
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
Michael E. Smith
通讯作者:
Michael E. Smith
影响因子:
2
作者:
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