Single-particle measurements of filamentous influenza virions reveal damage induced by freezing

Single-particle measurements of filamentous influenza virions reveal damage induced by freezing
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丝状流感病毒颗粒的单粒子测量揭示了冷冻引起的损伤

DOI:
10.1101/686642
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hirst J
Hirst J
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hirst J

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流感病毒的临床分离株产生多形病毒体,范围从小球到细长的细丝。这些丝状体在自然感染中似乎是适应性的,但它们的基本功能特性知之甚少,丝状体的功能研究经常报告相互矛盾的结果。这可能是由于常规实验室处理造成的人为损坏,这一问题已被多次注意到,但未详细探讨。为了确定标准的实验室技术是否会损坏细丝,我们使用免疫荧光显微镜来快速和可重复地量化和表征细丝的尺寸。我们测试的大多数技术对丝状体的影响都很小,但是冷冻到-70 °C,这是对流感病毒进行功能研究之前的标准储存步骤,严重降低了它们的浓度,中值长度和整个病毒粒子群体的感染性。我们注意到,冷冻损伤可能会影响到迄今为止进行的大部分细丝功能研究,为了解决这个问题,我们表明可以通过快速冷冻或加入冷冻保护剂DMSO来减轻损伤。我们建议在分析前先对丝状体进行功能性研究,以确定病毒粒子群的特征,以确保重现性,如果可能,应使用未冷冻的样品,如果不可能,应使用冷冻保护剂。这些基本的措施将支持强大的功能特性的细丝,需要了解他们的作用,在自然的流感病毒感染。
Clinical isolates of influenza virus produce pleiomorphic virions, ranging from small spheres to elongated filaments. The filaments are seemingly adaptive in natural infections, but their basic functional properties are poorly understood and functional studies of filaments often report contradictory results. This may be due to artefactual damage from routine laboratory handling, an issue which has been noted several times without being explored in detail. To determine whether standard laboratory techniques could damage filaments, we used immunofluorescence microscopy to rapidly and reproducibly quantify and characterize the dimensions of filaments. Most of the techniques we tested had minimal impact on filaments, but freezing to −70 °C, a standard storage step before carrying out functional studies on influenza viruses, severely reduced their concentration, median length and the infectivity of the whole virion population. We noted that damage from freezing is likely to have affected most of the functional studies of filaments performed to date, and to address this we show that it can be mitigated by snap-freezing or incorporating the cryoprotectant DMSO. We recommend that functional studies of filaments characterize virion populations prior to analysis to ensure reproducibility, and that they use unfrozen samples if possible and cryoprotectants if not. These basic measures will support the robust functional characterizations of filaments that are required to understand their roles in natural influenza virus infections.
流感病毒的丝状形式
DOI: --
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