Mutations activating the yeast eIF-2 alpha kinase GCN2: isolation of alleles altering the domain related to histidyl-tRNA synthetases

Mutations activating the yeast eIF-2 alpha kinase GCN2: isolation of alleles altering the domain related to histidyl-tRNA synthetases
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激活酵母 eIF-2 α 激酶 GCN2 的突变:改变组氨酰-tRNA 合成酶相关结构域的等位基因分离

DOI:
10.1128/mcb.12.12.5801-5815.1992
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发表时间:
1992
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
A. Hinnebusch
A. Hinnebusch
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
M. Ramírez;R. Wek;C R Vazquez de Aldana;B. M. Jackson;B. Freeman;A. Hinnebusch

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蛋白激酶 GCN2 通过磷酸化氨基酸饥饿细胞中翻译起始因子 2 (eIF-2 α) 的 α 亚基,刺激酵母转录激活剂 GCN4 在翻译水平的表达。 eIF-2 α 的磷酸化会降低其活性,使核糖体绕过 GCN4 mRNA 前导序列中存在的短开放阅读框并在 GCN4 起始密码子处启动翻译。我们在这里描述了 17 个显性 GCN2 突变,这些突变在没有氨基酸饥饿的情况下导致 GCN4 表达去抑制。这些 GCN2c 等位基因中有 7 个位于蛋白激酶部分,并且该组中的 2 个等位基因改变了假定的 ATP 结合结构域,表明 ATP 结合是 GCN2 功能的一个受调节方面。六个 GCN2c 等位基因位于与组氨酰-tRNA 合成酶相关的区域,并且该组中的两个等位基因改变了 II 类氨酰-tRNA 合成酶中保守的序列基序,该基序直接与 tRNA 的受体茎相互作用。这些结果支持这样的观点:GCN2 激酶功能在饥饿条件下通过将不带电荷的 tRNA 与组氨酰-tRNA 合成酶相关的结构域结合而被激活。其余的 GCN2c 等位基因位于最末端 C 末端,这是蛋白质核糖体关联所需的结构域。每个结构域中的代表性突变对 GCN4 表达的影响取决于 eIF-2 α 中的磷酸化位点,并在没有氨基酸饥饿的情况下增加 eIF-2 α 磷酸化水平。合成的 GCN2c 双突变比亲本单突变表现出更大的 GCN4 表达去抑制,并且它们具有缓慢生长的表型,我们将其归因于一般翻译起始的抑制。 GCN2c 等位基因的表型依赖于 GCN1 和 GCN3,表明这两个 GCN4 表达的正调节因子介导与酵母 eIF-2 α 激酶 GCN2 激活相关的翻译起始的抑制作用。
The protein kinase GCN2 stimulates expression of the yeast transcriptional activator GCN4 at the translational level by phosphorylating the alpha subunit of translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2 alpha) in amino acid-starved cells. Phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha reduces its activity, allowing ribosomes to bypass short open reading frames present in the GCN4 mRNA leader and initiate translation at the GCN4 start codon. We describe here 17 dominant GCN2 mutations that lead to derepression of GCN4 expression in the absence of amino acid starvation. Seven of these GCN2c alleles map in the protein kinase moiety, and two in this group alter the presumed ATP-binding domain, suggesting that ATP binding is a regulated aspect of GCN2 function. Six GCN2c alleles map in a region related to histidyl-tRNA synthetases, and two in this group alter a sequence motif conserved among class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases that directly interacts with the acceptor stem of tRNA. These results support the idea that GCN2 kinase function is activated under starvation conditions by binding uncharged tRNA to the domain related to histidyl-tRNA synthetase. The remaining GCN2c alleles map at the extreme C terminus, a domain required for ribosome association of the protein. Representative mutations in each domain were shown to depend on the phosphorylation site in eIF-2 alpha for their effects on GCN4 expression and to increase the level of eIF-2 alpha phosphorylation in the absence of amino acid starvation. Synthetic GCN2c double mutations show greater derepression of GCN4 expression than the parental single mutations, and they have a slow-growth phenotype that we attribute to inhibition of general translation initiation. The phenotypes of the GCN2c alleles are dependent on GCN1 and GCN3, indicating that these two positive regulators of GCN4 expression mediate the inhibitory effects on translation initiation associated with activation of the yeast eIF-2 alpha kinase GCN2.
DOI: --
发表时间: 1985
期刊: The Journal of biological chemistry
影响因子: --
作者:
Bischoff,JR;Samuel,CE
通讯作者: Samuel,CE
酿酒酵母翻译起始抑制子 sui1、sui2 和 SUI3 的遗传特征及其对 HIS4 表达的影响。
DOI: 10.1093/genetics/124.3.483
发表时间: 1990
期刊: Genetics
影响因子: 3.3
作者:
Castilho-Valavicius,B;Yoon,H;Donahue,TF
通讯作者: Donahue,TF
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.19.7515
发表时间: 1989
影响因子: 11.1
作者:
Williams,NP;Hinnebusch,AG;Donahue,TF
通讯作者: Donahue,TF
DOI: 10.1126/science.1862343
发表时间: 1991-07-26
期刊: SCIENCE
影响因子: 56.9
作者:
KNIGHTON, DR;ZHENG, JH;SOWADSKI, JM
通讯作者: SOWADSKI, JM