A bacterial cytolinker couples positioning of magnetic organelles to cell shape control
A bacterial cytolinker couples positioning of magnetic organelles to cell shape control
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细菌细胞链接剂将磁性细胞器的定位与细胞形状控制结合起来
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2014659117
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Schüler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pfeiffer;M. Toro-Nahuelpan;R.P. Awal;F.D. Müller;M. Bramkamp;J.M. Plitzko;D. Schüler
趋磁性细菌通过细胞内的磁性细胞器、磁小体在地磁场中进行机动，这些细胞器排列成链，并由专用的磁小体特有的细胞骨架--“磁骨架”定位在中间细胞。然而，磁小体链的组织和由此产生的趋磁性是如何与细胞形状联系在一起的，仍然是个谜。在这里，我们描述了细胞骨架决定因素CcfM(曲率诱导的螺旋线圈丝与磁骨架相互作用)，它将磁骨架与细胞形态调控联系在一起。膜锚定的CCFM通过其盘绕的线圈模体沿着内部正细胞曲率区域以丝状模式定位，并且与磁骨骼无关。CcfM的过度表达导致额外的周向定位模式，伴随着细胞曲率的急剧增加，以及磁小体链的错误定位或完全链断裂。相反，缺失ccfM会导致细胞曲率降低，细胞分裂受损，并形成更短的双链磁小体。CcfM与磁骨架相关的Mamy和肌动蛋白样的MamK通过不同的基序相互作用，并通过MreB与细胞形状相关的细胞骨架相互作用，这支持了CcfM对磁小体链组织和细胞形态的多效性效应。我们进一步证明，CcfM促进了结构化环境中的运动性和磁性排列，因此可能在趋磁性细菌的自然栖息地，如水生沉积物中赋予了选择性优势。总而言之，我们揭开了原核生物细胞骨架成分的功能，这种成分广泛存在于磁性和非磁性螺旋状甲蛋白细菌中。
Magnetotactic bacteria maneuver within the geomagnetic field by means of intracellular magnetic organelles, magnetosomes, which are aligned into a chain and positioned at midcell by a dedicated magnetosome-specific cytoskeleton, the “magnetoskeleton.” However, how magnetosome chain organization and resulting magnetotaxis is linked to cell shape has remained elusive. Here, we describe the cytoskeletal determinant CcfM (curvature-inducing coiled-coil filament interacting with the magnetoskeleton), which links the magnetoskeleton to cell morphology regulation inMagnetospirillum gryphiswaldense. Membrane-anchored CcfM localizes in a filamentous pattern along regions of inner positive-cell curvature by its coiled-coil motifs, and independent of the magnetoskeleton. CcfM overexpression causes additional circumferential localization patterns, associated with a dramatic increase in cell curvature, and magnetosome chain mislocalization or complete chain disruption. In contrast, deletion ofccfMresults in decreased cell curvature, impaired cell division, and predominant formation of shorter, doubled chains of magnetosomes. Pleiotropic effects of CcfM on magnetosome chain organization and cell morphology are supported by the finding that CcfM interacts with the magnetoskeleton-related MamY and the actin-like MamK via distinct motifs, and with the cell shape-related cytoskeleton via MreB. We further demonstrate that CcfM promotes motility and magnetic alignment in structured environments, and thus likely confers a selective advantage in natural habitats of magnetotactic bacteria, such as aquatic sediments. Overall, we unravel the function of a prokaryotic cytoskeletal constituent that is widespread in magnetic and nonmagnetic spirilla-shaped Alphaproteobacteria.
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