Stratospheric Aerosols from Major Volcanic Eruptions: A Composition-Climate Model Study of the Aerosol Cloud Dispersal and e-folding Time
Stratospheric Aerosols from Major Volcanic Eruptions: A Composition-Climate Model Study of the Aerosol Cloud Dispersal and e-folding Time
复制标题
主要火山喷发产生的平流层气溶胶：气溶胶云扩散和电子折叠时间的成分气候模型研究
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
I. Cionni
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Pitari;G. Genova;E. Mancini;D. Visioni;Ilaria Gandolfi;I. Cionni
大型火山爆发能够将大量的颗粒和含硫气体注入对流层顶，导致平流层气溶胶大量增加。1960年后的五次大火山爆发（即，阿贡，圣海伦斯，埃尔奇雄，内华达德尔鲁伊斯和皮纳图博）已被认为是在一个数值研究进行的组成气候耦合模式，包括气溶胶形成和增长的气溶胶微物理代码。模型结果之间的合奏的数值模拟，包括火山气溶胶及其辐射效应（VE）和参考模拟合奏（REF）没有火山气溶胶的辐射影响进行了比较。VE-REF的差异表明非绝热加热率增强;平流层温度和平均纬向西风增加;行星波振幅增加;热带上升流。当火山扰动的平流层气溶胶局限于热带地区时，对平流层上升流的影响更大，就像火山爆发后几个月伴随着准两年振荡（QBO）的东风切变的情况一样，皮纳图博案与爆发之后的西风QBO的一段时间，这样的东风QBO爆发是完全不同的，与纬向运输到中高纬度发生后，在更高的高度，从而减少跨对流层顶从平流层的去除，因此较长的衰减时间尺度。比较模型计算的e-折叠时间的火山气溶胶质量在爆发后的第一年，发现从8.1和10.3个月的El Chichon和阿贡（QBO西风切变），皮纳图博和鲁伊斯（QBO东风切变）的14.6和30.7个月。全球平均辐射通量变化的相应e折叠时间从El Chichon和Agung的9.1和8.0个月到Pinatubo和Ruiz的28.7和24.5个月。
Large explosive volcanic eruptions are capable of injecting considerable amounts of particles and sulfur gases above the tropopause, causing large increases in stratospheric aerosols. Five major volcanic eruptions after 1960 (i.e., Agung, St. Helens, El Chichon, Nevado del Ruiz and Pinatubo) have been considered in a numerical study conducted with a composition-climate coupled model including an aerosol microphysics code for aerosol formation and growth. Model results are compared between an ensemble of numerical simulations including volcanic aerosols and their radiative effects (VE) and a reference simulations ensemble (REF) with no radiative impact of the volcanic aerosols. Differences of VE-REF show enhanced diabatic heating rates; increased stratospheric temperatures and mean zonal westerly winds; increased planetary wave amplitude; and tropical upwelling. The impact on stratospheric upwelling is found to be larger when the volcanically perturbed stratospheric aerosol is confined to the tropics, as tends to be the case for eruptions which were followed by several months with easterly shear of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), e.g., the Pinatubo case. Compared to an eruption followed by a period of westerly QBO, such easterly QBO eruptions are quite different, with meridional transport to mid- and high-latitudes occurring later, and at higher altitude, with a consequent decrease in cross-tropopause removal from the stratosphere, and therefore longer decay timescale. Comparing the model-calculated e-folding time of the volcanic aerosol mass during the first year after the eruptions, an increase is found from 8.1 and 10.3 months for El Chichon and Agung (QBO westerly shear), to 14.6 and 30.7 months for Pinatubo and Ruiz (QBO easterly shear). The corresponding e-folding time of the global-mean radiative flux changes goes from 9.1 and 8.0 months for El Chichon and Agung, to 28.7 and 24.5 months for Pinatubo and Ruiz.
影响因子：
--
作者：
O. Morgenstern;M. Giorgetta;K. Shibata;V. Eyring;D. Waugh;T. Shepherd;H. Akiyoshi;J. Austin;A. Baumgaertner;S. Bekki;P. Braesicke;C. Brühl;M. Chipperfield;D. Cugnet;M. Dameris;S. Dhomse;S. Frith;H. Garny;A. Gettelman;S. Hardiman;M. Hegglin;P. Jöckel;D. Kinnison;J. Lamarque;E. Mancini;E. Manzini;M. Marchand;M. Michou;Tetsu Nakamura;J. Nielsen;D. Oliviè;G. Pitari;D. Plummer;E. Rozanov;J. Scinocca;D. Smale;H. Teyssèdre;M. Toohey;W. Tian;Y. Yamashita
通讯作者：
O. Morgenstern;M. Giorgetta;K. Shibata;V. Eyring;D. Waugh;T. Shepherd;H. Akiyoshi;J. Austin;A. Baumgaertner;S. Bekki;P. Braesicke;C. Brühl;M. Chipperfield;D. Cugnet;M. Dameris;S. Dhomse;S. Frith;H. Garny;A. Gettelman;S. Hardiman;M. Hegglin;P. Jöckel;D. Kinnison;J. Lamarque;E. Mancini;E. Manzini;M. Marchand;M. Michou;Tetsu Nakamura;J. Nielsen;D. Oliviè;G. Pitari;D. Plummer;E. Rozanov;J. Scinocca;D. Smale;H. Teyssèdre;M. Toohey;W. Tian;Y. Yamashita