Phasing of dragonfly wings can improve aerodynamic efficiency by removing swirl.
Phasing of dragonfly wings can improve aerodynamic efficiency by removing swirl.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsif.2008.0124
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发表时间：
2008-11-06
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Lehmann, Fritz-Olaf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Usherwood, James R.;Lehmann, Fritz-Olaf
蜻蜓是引人注目的，成功的空中掠食者，以其飞行敏捷和耐力而闻名。此外，它们具有极强的低速、悬停甚至向后飞行的能力。当昆虫不断地修改或减少一对翅膀，或机械地连接它们的前后翅膀时，蜻蜓和豆娘已经保持了它们独特的、独立控制的四翼形式超过3亿年。 尽管在理解两对翅膀拍打飞行的含义方面做出了努力，但以前的研究通常描绘了一幅相当令人失望的画面：与两对翅膀单独操作相比，前后翅膀之间的相互作用降低了升力。在这里，我们用一个机械模型来证明，尽管在升力方面没有优势，但用两对机翼飞行可以非常有效地提高空气动力学效率。这是通过以类似于同轴反转直升机旋翼的方式从作为涡流浪费的尾流中回收能量来实现的。通过适当的前后翼相位调整，与单对翅膀相比，空气动力需求可以减少22%，这表明四翼飞行的一个优势可能适用于蜻蜓，并且在未来，仿生微型飞行器。
Dragonflies are dramatic, successful aerial predators, notable for their flight agility and endurance. Further, they are highly capable of low-speed, hovering and even backwards flight. While insects have repeatedly modified or reduced one pair of wings, or mechanically coupled their fore and hind wings, dragonflies and damselflies have maintained their distinctive, independently controllable, four-winged form for over 300 Myr. Despite efforts at understanding the implications of flapping flight with two pairs of wings, previous studies have generally painted a rather disappointing picture: interaction between fore and hind wings reduces the lift compared with two pairs of wings operating in isolation. Here, we demonstrate with a mechanical model dragonfly that, despite presenting no advantage in terms of lift, flying with two pairs of wings can be highly effective at improving aerodynamic efficiency. This is achieved by recovering energy from the wake wasted as swirl in a manner analogous to coaxial contra-rotating helicopter rotors. With the appropriate fore–hind wing phasing, aerodynamic power requirements can be reduced up to 22 per cent compared with a single pair of wings, indicating one advantage of four-winged flying that may apply to both dragonflies and, in the future, biomimetic micro air vehicles.
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