Interpretable unsupervised learning enables accurate clustering with high-throughput imaging flow cytometry.
Interpretable unsupervised learning enables accurate clustering with high-throughput imaging flow cytometry.
复制标题
DOI:
10.1038/s41598-023-46782-w
复制
发表时间:
2023-11-23
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
A primary challenge of high-throughput imaging flow cytometry (IFC) is to analyze the vast amount of imaging data, especially in applications where ground truth labels are unavailable or hard to obtain. We present an unsupervised deep embedding algorithm, the Deep Convolutional Autoencoder-based Clustering (DCAEC) model, to cluster label-free IFC images without any prior knowledge of input labels. The DCAEC model first encodes the input images into the latent representations and then clusters based on the latent representations. Using the DCAEC model, we achieve a balanced accuracy of 91.9% for human white blood cell (WBC) clustering and 97.9% for WBC/leukemia clustering using the 3D IFC images and 3D DCAEC model. Above all, although no human recognizable features can separate the clusters of cells with protein localization, we demonstrate the fused DCAEC model can achieve a cluster balanced accuracy of 85.3% from the label-free 2D transmission and 3D side scattering images. To reveal how the neural network recognizes features beyond human ability, we use the gradient-weighted class activation mapping method to discover the cluster-specific visual patterns automatically. Evaluation results show that the automatically identified salient image regions have strong cluster-specific visual patterns for different clusters, which we believe is a stride for the interpretable neural network for cell analysis with high-throughput IFCs.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.2118068119
发表时间:
2022-02-22
影响因子:
11.1
作者:
Zhang Z;Tang R;Chen X;Waller L;Kau A;Fung AA;Gutierrez B;An C;Cho SH;Shi L;Lo YH
通讯作者:
Lo YH
影响因子:
4
作者:
Hung, Mien-Chie;Link, Wolfgang
通讯作者:
Link, Wolfgang
影响因子:
1.7
作者:
Song, Chunfeng;Huang, Yongzhen;Wang, Liang
通讯作者:
Wang, Liang
影响因子:
4.6
作者:
Chen CL;Mahjoubfar A;Tai LC;Blaby IK;Huang A;Niazi KR;Jalali B
通讯作者:
Jalali B
影响因子:
48
作者:
Eliceiri, Kevin W.;Berthold, Michael R.;Goldberg, Ilya G.;Ibanez, Luis;Manjunath, B. S.;Martone, Maryann E.;Murphy, Robert F.;Peng, Hanchuan;Plant, Anne L.;Roysam, Badrinath;Stuurmann, Nico;Swedlow, Jason R.;Tomancak, Pavel;Carpenter, Anne E.
通讯作者:
Carpenter, Anne E.