The enigmatic Placozoa part 1: Exploring evolutionary controversies and poor ecological knowledge

The enigmatic Placozoa part 1: Exploring evolutionary controversies and poor ecological knowledge
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神秘的原生动物第 1 部分:探索进化论争议和贫乏的生态知识

DOI:
10.1002/bies.202100080
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
R. DeSalle
R. DeSalle
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
B. Schierwater;Hans;Tjard Bergmann;N. Blackstone;H. Hadrys;J. Hauslage;P. Humbert;K. Kamm;M. Kvansakul;Kathrin Wysocki;R. DeSalle

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板动物 Trichoplax adhaerens 是一个微小的毛盘,比任何其他活的后生动物组织更简单。 1883 年 F.E. Schulze 对其进行了首次描述后,它作为后生动物组织“Urmetazoon”祖先状态的潜在模型而引起了人们的关注。 Trichoplax缺乏任何对称性、器官、神经细胞、肌肉细胞、基底层和细胞外基质。此外,长生动物基因组是所有后生动物基因组中最小的(不是二次缩小的)基因组。它拥有极其丰富的基因多样性,被认为是后生动物祖先基因组的最佳活体替代品。扁动物门目前拥有三种正式描述的物种,而数十种“神秘”物种仍在等待描述。长生动物的系统发育地位最近已成为现代系统发育分析和观点驱动主张的一个有争议的领域。 Trichoplax 为了解后生动物组织的最低要求及其相应的功能障碍提供了独特的前景。
The placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens is a tiny hairy plate and more simply organized than any other living metazoan. After its original description by F.E. Schulze in 1883, it attracted attention as a potential model for the ancestral state of metazoan organization, the “Urmetazoon”. Trichoplax lacks any kind of symmetry, organs, nerve cells, muscle cells, basal lamina, and extracellular matrix. Furthermore, the placozoan genome is the smallest (not secondarily reduced) genome of all metazoan genomes. It harbors a remarkably rich diversity of genes and has been considered the best living surrogate for a metazoan ancestor genome. The phylum Placozoa presently harbors three formally described species, while several dozen “cryptic” species are yet awaiting their description. The phylogenetic position of placozoans has recently become a contested arena for modern phylogenetic analyses and view‐driven claims. Trichoplax offers unique prospects for understanding the minimal requirements of metazoan animal organization and their corresponding malfunctions.
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