Amphibian declines: future directions
Amphibian declines: future directions
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两栖动物的衰落：未来的方向
DOI：
10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00014.x
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Andrew Storfer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andrew Storfer
抽象的。两栖动物衰退的问题很复杂，没有简单的解决方案。我强调了未来研究的四个主要领域，这些领域应该会提高我们发现下降的能力，阐明其潜在的机制，并提高我们管理和保护两栖动物种群的能力。首先，为了确定两栖动物种群的分布和丰度，评估它们是否在下降，并量化下降的程度，有必要采取一种统计敏感的监测方法。大多数两栖动物种群具有典型的波动特征，对于许多物种来说，检测到的概率可能很低，并且种群数量往往在两年之间下降而不是增加。这些特点使建立监测方案变得困难，将下降与自然波动区分开来也具有挑战性。因此，必须根据其统计能力确定最佳监测技术，并使用适当的统计方法来监测人口趋势。其次，尽管两栖动物种群研究最常在单一或少数繁殖地点进行，但研究应经常在景观层面上进行，保护工作应侧重于合适的栖息地(无论是否有人居住)和物种的扩散能力。集合种群动态可能对许多物种很重要，但我们必须谨慎定义集合种群。也就是说，“集合种群”一词目前被用来定义两栖动物种群中广泛的人口状况，每一种状况都有不同的管理含义。第三，分子遗传技术的最新进展使推断人口统计事件成为可能，例如最近的分裂、瓶颈或杂交的影响。分子技术可以与人口普查结合使用，以加强对人口统计过程的了解，例如人口下降。或者，在缺乏长期人口普查数据的情况下，分子数据可以用来推断人口趋势。新的基因组方法可能会使估计适应性遗传变异变得更可行。第四，需要进行多因素研究，以理清可能相互作用导致两栖动物数量下降的几个假定原因的复杂性。最近的研究证明了多因素方法的价值，还需要更多的工作来阐明多种环境因素同时影响全球两栖动物种群的协同效应。
Abstract. The amphibian decline problem is complex, and there is no easy solution. I highlight four major areas of future research that should increase our ability to detect declines, elucidate their underlying mechanisms, and advance our capacity to manage and conserve amphibian populations. First, a statistically sensitive monitoring approach is necessary to determine the distribution and abundance of amphibian populations, to assess whether they are declining, and to quantify the extent of declines. Most amphibian populations characteristically fluctuate, detection probabilities may be low for many species and populations tend to decline in numbers between years more often than they increase. These traits make establishing monitoring programmes difficult and distinguishing declines from natural fluctuations challenging. It is thus necessary to determine the best monitoring techniques based on their statistical power and to use appropriate statistical methods for detecting population trends. Secondly, although amphibian population studies occur most commonly at single or few breeding sites, research should occur often at the landscape level, and conservation efforts should focus on suitable habitat (whether or not it is occupied) and dispersal capabilities of species. Metapopulation dynamics are probably important for many species, but we must be cautious how we define metapopulations. That is, the term ‘metapopulation’ is currently used to define a wide range of demographic situations in amphibian populations, each with different management implications. Thirdly, recent advances in molecular genetic techniques make it possible to infer demographic events such as effects of recent fragmentation, bottlenecks or hybridization. Molecular techniques can be used in conjunction with census surveys to bolster knowledge about demographic processes such as declines. Alternatively, in the absence of long‐term census data, molecular data can be used to infer population trends. New genomic approaches may make estimating adaptive genetic variation more feasible. Fourthly, multi‐factorial studies are needed to disentangle the complexity of the several putative causes that probably interact to cause amphibian declines. Recent studies demonstrate the value of a multi‐factorial approach, and more work is needed to elucidate the synergistic effects of multiple environmental factors affecting amphibian populations simultaneously worldwide.
将种群结构与种群历史分离：对虎蝾螈 Ambystoma tigrinum 线粒体 DNA 单倍型地理分布的分支分析。
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Templeton,AR;Routman,E;Phillips,CA
通讯作者：
Phillips,CA