Rapid and slow: Varying magma ascent rates as a mechanism for Vulcanian explosions

Rapid and slow: Varying magma ascent rates as a mechanism for Vulcanian explosions
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快速和缓慢:不同的岩浆上升速率是火神爆发的机制

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2015.03.025
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Cassidy M
Cassidy M
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cassidy M

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火山爆发是最常见的火山活动类型之一,可在火山口观察到。岩浆上升率通常被认为是其爆炸性的基本控制因素,但这个因素对低震级端元火山爆发的限制很差,这是特别不了解的,部分原因是由于灰烬样品的稀有性和低气体通量。我们描述了2013年在Volcán de Colima发生的小型Vulcanian爆炸所产生的灰烬,在那里我们首次记录了离散事件中少年材料的囊泡性,晶体特征(体积分数,大小和形状)和玻璃成分的显着差异。我们解释这些变化为代表不同的上升风格和速度的岩浆脉冲管道内。上升过程中的非均质脱气导致同一管道内快速上升的富含气体的岩浆脉冲与缓慢上升的贫气体的岩浆脉冲。这种推断的异质性补充SO2通量数据,这表明开放和封闭系统脱气的瞬态发作,表明有效的浅层裂缝密封机制,这使得气体超压产生小Vulcanian爆炸。
Vulcanian explosions are one of the most common types of volcanic activity observed at silicic volcanoes. Magma ascent rates are often invoked as being the fundamental control on their explosivity, yet this factor is poorly constrained for low magnitude end-member Vulcanian explosions, which are particularly poorly understood, partly due to the rarity of ash samples and low gas fluxes. We describe ash generated by small Vulcanian explosions at Volcán de Colima in 2013, where we document for the first time marked differences in the vesicularity, crystal characteristics (volume fraction, size and shape) and glass compositions in juvenile material from discrete events. We interpret these variations as representing differing ascent styles and speeds of magma pulses within the conduit. Heterogeneous degassing during ascent leads to fast ascending, gas-rich magma pulses together with slow ascending gas-poor magma pulses within the same conduit. This inferred heterogeneity is complemented by SO2flux data, which show transient episodes of both open and closed system degassing, indicating efficient shallow fracture sealing mechanisms, which allows for gas overpressure to generate small Vulcanian explosions.
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