Pre- and post-Golgi translocation of glucosylceramide in glycosphingolipid synthesis.

Pre- and post-Golgi translocation of glucosylceramide in glycosphingolipid synthesis.
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DOI:
10.1083/jcb.200704091
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发表时间:
2007-10-08
期刊:
The Journal of cell biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Sprong H
Sprong H
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Halter D;Neumann S;van Dijk SM;Wolthoorn J;de Mazière AM;Vieira OV;Mattjus P;Klumperman J;van Meer G;Sprong H

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鞘糖脂受其代谢的空间组织和转运特异性控制。使用免疫电子显微镜,我们本地化的高尔基堆栈的糖基转移酶,产生葡萄糖神经酰胺(GlcCer),乳糖神经酰胺(LacCer),和GM3。GlcCer在胞质侧合成,并且必须易位穿过高尔基体腔以进行LacCer合成。然而,在体外只有非常少的天然GlcCer易位穿过高尔基体。当高尔基体囊泡运输被抑制时,由于GlcCer到达细胞表面,它必须易位穿过后高尔基体膜。空泡质子泵抑制剂Concanamycin可独立于已知转运短链GlcCer的多药转运蛋白阻断转运。Concanamycin不减少LacCer和GM3的合成。因此,用于糖脂合成的GlcCer遵循不同的途径,并通过晚期高尔基体蛋白FAPP 2转运回内质网(ER)。FAPP 2敲低强烈降低GM3合成。总之,我们发现,新合成的GlcCer进入两个途径:一个对非胞质表面的后高尔基膜和一个通过ER对高尔基腔LacCer合酶。
Glycosphingolipids are controlled by the spatial organization of their metabolism and by transport specificity. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we localize to the Golgi stack the glycosyltransferases that produce glucosylceramide (GlcCer), lactosylceramide (LacCer), and GM3. GlcCer is synthesized on the cytosolic side and must translocate across to the Golgi lumen for LacCer synthesis. However, only very little natural GlcCer translocates across the Golgi in vitro. As GlcCer reaches the cell surface when Golgi vesicular trafficking is inhibited, it must translocate across a post-Golgi membrane. Concanamycin, a vacuolar proton pump inhibitor, blocks translocation independently of multidrug transporters that are known to translocate short-chain GlcCer. Concanamycin did not reduce LacCer and GM3 synthesis. Thus, GlcCer destined for glycolipid synthesis follows a different pathway and transports back into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the late Golgi protein FAPP2. FAPP2 knockdown strongly reduces GM3 synthesis. Overall, we show that newly synthesized GlcCer enters two pathways: one toward the noncytosolic surface of a post-Golgi membrane and one via the ER toward the Golgi lumen LacCer synthase.
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