Digital Methods: Five Challenges

Digital Methods: Five Challenges
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数字方法:五个挑战

DOI:
10.1057/9780230371934_4
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Bernhard Rieder
Bernhard Rieder
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Theo Röhle;Bernhard Rieder

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虽然使用计算机进行人文和社会科学研究有着悠久的历史,但网络个人计算的巨大成功使物理机器和软件更容易为学者所用。但更重要的是,数字文物现在遍布后工业社会的各个角落。这意味着,除了借助计算机研究非数字对象和现象之外,现在还有一个不断扩大的文化生产和社会互动的空间,它从一开始就与数字方案和格式联系在一起。这种扩张的一个明显效果是数字形式的材料爆炸式增长。传统的“文化产物”,如书籍或电影,“原生”数字形式,如软件程序、在线出版物或电脑游戏,以及大量的各种“信息”--记录使用实践的痕迹、在线互动等--构成了越来越多的数据山,等待分析。面对如此丰富的经验材料,研究人员越来越多地转向自动化分析方法,以探索这些人工制品和它们所包围的人类现实。这些计算工具有着很大的潜力:它们能够处理比手动操作大得多的语料库;它们提供了从微观到宏观无缝缩放的能力,并表明我们可以协调分析的广度和深度;它们可以帮助揭示肉眼无法识别的模式和结构;他们中有些人甚至在探索最难以捉摸的对象,即意义。
While the use of computers for humanities and social science research has a long history1, the immense success of networked personal computing has made both physical machines and software more accessible to scholars. But even more importantly, digital artifacts now populate every corner of post-industrial societies. This means that besides the study of non-digital objects and phenomena with the help of computers, there now is a continuously expanding space of cultural production and social interaction riddled by machine mediation, which has been, from the beginning, tied to digital schemes and formats. An obvious effect of this expansion has been the explosion of material available in digital form.‘Traditional’cultural artifacts like books or movies,‘native’digital forms such as software programs, online publications or computer games, and a deluge of all kinds of ‘information’–logged traces of use practices, online interaction, and so forth–contribute to a growing mountain of data begging to be analysed.Faced with this abundance of empirical material, researchers are increasingly turning towards automated methods of analysis in order to explore these artifacts and the human realities they are entwined with. These computational tools hold a lot of promise: they are able to process much larger corpora than would ever be possible to do manually; they provide the ability to seamlessly zoom from micro to macro and suggest that we can reconcile breadth and depth of analysis; they can help to reveal patterns and structures which are impossible to discern with the naked eye; some of them are even probing into that most elusive of objects, meaning.
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