The effects of aging on the neural basis of implicit associative learning in a probabilistic triplets learning task.
The effects of aging on the neural basis of implicit associative learning in a probabilistic triplets learning task.
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DOI：
10.1162/jocn_a_00116
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发表时间：
2012-02
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Howard DV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Simon JR;Vaidya CJ;Howard JH;Howard DV
关于衰老如何影响内隐联想学习的神经基础的研究很少，现有的证据也不确定。一种新出现的行为模式是，年龄差异随着练习而增加，这可能反映了不同的大脑区域参与了训练。许多研究表明，海马体在早期参与学习的过程中越来越依赖于尾状核。由于纹状体和海马体的不同年龄相关衰退，我们测试了这些区域对学习的贡献随年龄而变化的假设。我们使用三胞胎学习任务评估了内隐联想学习期间大脑激活的年龄相关差异。在3个事件相关的fMRI运行中，11名年轻人和12名健康老年人通过相应的按键对三个刺激序列（“三胞胎”）中的第三个（目标）刺激做出反应。参与者不知道的是，第一个刺激的位置在80%的试验中预测了一个目标位置，在20%的试验中预测了另一个目标位置。两个年龄组的人都学会了联想规律，但在实践中，有利于年轻人的差异出现了。学习的神经基础（对可预测性的反应）通过识别对更频繁出现的三胞胎表现出更大反应的区域来检验。两个年龄组的人都很早就动用了海马体，但经过训练，年轻人动用了尾状核，而老年人继续依靠海马体。这种模式使老年人在早期训练中保持接近年轻人的表现水平，而不是后来，这进一步证明了内隐联想学习是由年轻人和老年人不同的大脑网络支持的。
Few studies have investigated how aging influences the neural basis of implicit associative learning and available evidence is inconclusive. One emerging behavioral pattern is that age differences increase with practice, perhaps reflecting the involvement of different brain regions with training. Many studies report hippocampal involvement early on with learning becoming increasingly dependent on the caudate with practice. We tested the hypothesis that the contribution of these regions to learning changes with age, due to differential age-related declines in the striatum and hippocampi. We assessed age-related differences in brain activation during implicit associative learning using the Triplets Learning Task. Over 3 event-related fMRI runs, 11 younger and 12 healthy older adults responded to only the third (target) stimulus in sequences of three stimuli (“triplets”) by corresponding key press. Unbeknownst to participants, the first stimulus’ location predicted one target location for 80% of trials and another target location for 20% of trials. Both age groups learned associative regularities, but differences in favor of the younger adults emerged with practice. The neural basis of learning (response to predictability) was examined by identifying regions that showed a greater response to triplets that occurred more frequently. Both age groups recruited the hippocampus early, but with training the younger adults recruited their caudate whereas the older adults continued to rely on their hippocampus. This pattern enables older adults to maintain near-young levels of performance early in training but not later, and adds to evidence that implicit associative learning is supported by different brain networks in younger and older adults.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Davis, Simon W.;Dennis, Nancy A.;Cabeza, Roberto
通讯作者：
Cabeza, Roberto
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Howard, DV;Howard, JH;Somberg, R
通讯作者：
Somberg, R
DOI：
10.1196/annals.1416.006
发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
LEARNING, SKILL ACQUISITION, READING, AND DYSLEXIA
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bennett, Ilana J.;Romano, Jennifer C.;Howard, Darlene V.
通讯作者：
Howard, Darlene V.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Filoteo, JV;Maddox, WT
通讯作者：
Maddox, WT
影响因子：
15.9
作者：
Hartley, T;Burgess, N
通讯作者：
Burgess, N