Understanding stable bi-female grouping in gibbons: feeding competition and reproductive success.
Understanding stable bi-female grouping in gibbons: feeding competition and reproductive success.
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了解长臂猿中稳定的双性恋分组：喂养竞争和生殖成功。
DOI：
10.1186/s12983-015-0098-9
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Zhang W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fan PF;Bartlett TQ;Fei HL;Ma CY;Zhang W
灵长目的物种是高度群居的，大多数物种生活在永久的异性恋社会群体中。根据社会生态学的理论，最大的社会群体规模受到群体内喂养竞争和相关旅行成本增加的限制。与其他主要是成对生活的长臂猿不同，长颈长臂猿（Nomenclus nasutus）和其他两种冠长臂猿（Nomenclus spp.）生活在北方季节性森林中，经常表现出较大的双雌群体。为了更好地了解北方长臂猿生活在稳定的双雌性群体中的能力，我们研究了中国广西邦梁的一个小长臂猿种群在六年内的食物分配、摄食竞争和繁殖成功率。在一般情况下，我们发现在我们的两个研究组，我们归因于其重要的食物物种的分布在空间和时间上的异质性组内的竞争或争夺竞争的证据不足。然而，较大的两组研究增加了喂养时间和组传播在精益时期，因素可能会限制曹维特giglium组的大小，最多两个繁殖女性。相对于热带成对生活的长臂猿，没有证据表明高维特长臂猿旅行得更远或花更多的时间进食，但它们确实消耗了更多的叶子和花蕾，更少的水果和无花果。尽管他们高度食叶的饮食，平均出生间隔是热带gibalos人口，和我们的研究组中的婴儿和青少年的存活率很高。长臂猿生活在双雌群体中，在摄食竞争和繁殖成功方面没有明显的成本，但组内摄食竞争可能决定了长臂猿群体大小的上限，最多为两个繁殖雌性。这些发现有助于越来越多的证据表明，双女性分组可以是一个稳定的分组模式的长臂猿在某些栖息地，并进一步强调了灵活性的长臂猿社会组织。
Species of the order Primates are highly gregarious with most species living in permanent heterosexual social groups. According to theory in socioecology maximum social group size is limited by rates of intra-group feeding competition and associated increases in travel costs. Unlike other hylobatids, which are predominantly pair living, cao vit gibbons (Nomascus nasutus), and two other species of crested gibbon (Nomascus spp.) living in northern seasonal forest, regularly exhibit larger bi-female groups. To better understand the ability of northern gibbons to live in stable bi-female groups, we examined food distribution, feeding competition and reproductive success over a period of six years in a small cao vit gibbon population at Bangliang, Guangxi, China. In general, we found weak evidences for within-group contest or scramble competition in our two study groups, which we attribute to high spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the distribution of their important food species. Nevertheless, the larger of the two groups studied increased feeding time and group spread during lean periods, factors that may limit cao vit gibbon group size to a maximum of two breeding females. Relative to tropical pair-living gibbons, there is no evidence that cao vit gibbons travel farther or spend more time feeding, but they did consume more leaves and buds and less fruit and figs. Despite their highly folivorous diet, the average inter-birth interval is comparable to tropical gibbon populations, and the survival rate of infants and juveniles in our study groups is high. Cao vit gibbons do not suffer obvious costs in terms of feeding competition and reproductive success by living in bi-female groups, but within-group feeding competition may determine the upper the limit of cao vit gibbon group size to a maximum of two breeding females. These findings contribute to a growing body of evidence that bi-female grouping can be a stable grouping pattern of gibbons in certain habitats and further emphasize the flexibility of gibbon social organization.
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影响因子：
2
作者：
HAMILTON, WD
通讯作者：
HAMILTON, WD
长臂猿 (Nomascus nasutus) 最后种群的栖息地评估和种群活力分析：对保护的影响
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Fan, Peng-Fei;Ren, Guo-Peng;Zhu, Jian-Guo
通讯作者：
Zhu, Jian-Guo
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Knott, CD
通讯作者：
Knott, CD
靖西邦梁高维长臂猿（Nomascus nasutus）的社会结构和群体动态
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Fan, Pengfei;Fei, Hanlan;Huang, Tao
通讯作者：
Huang, Tao
中国极度濒危长臂猿（Nomascus nasutus）的栖息地和食物选择：对保护的影响
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Fan, Peng-Fei;Fei, Han-Lan;Ma, Chang-Yong
通讯作者：
Ma, Chang-Yong