Endotoxin and cancer.
Endotoxin and cancer.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.0800439
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发表时间：
2009-09
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Checkoway H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lundin JI;Checkoway H
暴露于内毒素是革兰氏阴性细菌细胞壁的一种成分，在许多工业环境和周围环境中普遍存在。严重暴露的环境包括畜牧场、棉纺织设施和锯木厂。在非职业性的室内和室外环境中，浓度变化很大。内毒素是一种有效的炎症因子，对健康有公认的影响，包括发烧、颤抖、感染性休克、中毒性肺炎和呼吸道症状。有些自相矛盾的是，鉴于炎症在癌症发生中的假定作用，各种证据表明，内毒素可能阻止癌症的发生或限制肿瘤的生长。细菌成分可能延缓癌症进展的假说可以追溯到19世纪90年代威廉·B·科利的治疗实验(“细菌疫苗”)。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了与内毒素预防癌症这一假说相关的流行病学、临床试验和实验研究。自20世纪70年代以来，对棉纺织和其他暴露于内毒素的职业群体的流行病学研究一直表明，肺癌风险降低。实验性动物毒理学研究和对癌症患者的一些有限的治疗试验为抗癌潜力提供了额外的支持。抗癌的潜在生物学机制尚不完全清楚，但被认为涉及免疫细胞和促炎介质(如肿瘤坏死因子α和白细胞介素1和6)的募集和激活。鉴于目前的知识状况，建议将内毒素作为癌症化学预防药物还为时过早。尽管如此，进一步的流行病学和实验研究可以进一步澄清剂量效应和暴露时间的关系，可能会对公共卫生和基本生物医学产生重大好处。
Exposure to endotoxin, a component of gram-negative bacterial cell walls, is widespread in many industrial settings and in the ambient environment. Heavy-exposure environments include livestock farms, cotton textile facilities, and saw mills. Concentrations are highly variable in non-occupational indoor and outdoor environments. Endotoxin is a potent inflammagen with recognized health effects, including fever, shaking chills, septic shock, toxic pneumonitis, and respiratory symptoms. Somewhat paradoxically, given the putative role of inflammation in carcinogenesis, various lines of evidence suggest that endotoxin may prevent cancer initiation or limit tumor growth. The hypothesis that components of bacteria may retard cancer progression dates back to William B. Coley’s therapeutic experiments (“bacterial vaccine”) in the 1890s. In this article, we review epidemiologic, clinical trial, and experimental studies pertinent to the hypothesis that endotoxin prevents cancer. Since the 1970s, epidemiologic studies of cotton textile and other endotoxin-exposed occupational groups have consistently demonstrated reduced lung cancer risks. Experimental animal toxicology research and some limited therapeutic trials in cancer patients offer additional support for an anticarcinogenic potential. The underlying biological mechanisms of anticarcinogenesis are not entirely understood but are thought to involve the recruitment and activation of immune cells and proinflammatory mediators (e.g., tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1 and -6). In view of the current state of knowledge, it would be premature to recommend endotoxin as a cancer-chemopreventive agent. Nonetheless, further epidemiologic and experimental investigations that can clarify further dose–effect and exposure–timing relations could have substantial public health and basic biomedical benefits.
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影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Ghezzi P;Cerami A
通讯作者：
Cerami A
鼠CD14基因在体内的表达：脂多糖的脂外合成和调节。
影响因子：
15.3
作者：
Fearns, Colleen;Kravchenko, Vladimir V.;Ulevitch, Richard J.;Loskutoff, David J.
通讯作者：
Loskutoff, David J.
DOI：
10.1080/15459620600793672
发表时间：
2006-08-01
影响因子：
2
作者：
Astrakianakis, George;Seixas, Noah;Checkoway, Harvey
通讯作者：
Checkoway, Harvey
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Britton, S;Papp-Szabo, E;Monteiro, MA
通讯作者：
Monteiro, MA
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
De Roos, AJ;Ray, RM;Checkoway, H
通讯作者：
Checkoway, H