Microglia activation and anti-inflammatory regulation in Alzheimer's disease.
Microglia activation and anti-inflammatory regulation in Alzheimer's disease.
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DOI：
10.1007/s12035-010-8106-8
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发表时间：
2010-06
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Walker, Douglas G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lue, Lih-Fen;Kuo, Yu-Min;Beach, Thomas;Walker, Douglas G.
关键词：
炎症调节因子，包括内源性抗炎系统，可以下调炎症，从而提供负面反馈。慢性炎症可能是由于免疫反应过程中炎症介质和调节因子水平的不平衡造成的。其结果是，许多与年龄相关的慢性疾病导致炎症反应加剧和不可逆转的组织损伤。阿尔茨海默病(AD)的大脑以显著的炎症特征为特征，其中小胶质细胞的激活是炎症级联反应的推动力。炎症调节是如何在AD发病过程中失去作用的，目前尚不清楚。在本文中，我们将首先回顾小胶质细胞激活及其与AD病理的关系的现有知识。然后，我们讨论了四个可能在调节小胶质细胞激活中发挥作用的抗炎系统的例子：CD200/CD200受体、维生素D受体、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体和晚期糖基化终产物的可溶性受体。通过这一点，我们希望阐明炎症调节系统在大脑和神经退行性疾病(如AD)中的不同方面。我们还提出了神经元防御系统的重要性，因为它们是完整的炎症和抗炎系统的一部分。在衰老和神经退行性疾病期间，加强神经元的抗炎防御可以包括在恢复平衡免疫反应的策略中。
Inflammatory regulators, including endogenous anti-inflammatory systems, can down-regulate inflammation thus providing negative feedback. Chronic inflammation can result from imbalance between levels of inflammatory mediators and regulators during immune responses. As a consequence, there are heightened inflammatory responses and irreversible tissue damage associated with many age-related chronic diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain is marked by prominent inflammatory features, in which microglial activation is the driving force for the elaboration of an inflammatory cascade. How the regulation of inflammation loses its effectiveness during AD pathogenesis remains largely unclear. In this article, we will first review current knowledge of microglial activation and its association with AD pathology. We then discuss four examples of anti-inflammatory systems that could play a role in regulating microglial activation: CD200/CD200 receptor, vitamin D receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products. Through this, we hope to illustrate the diverse aspects of inflammatory regulatory systems in brain and neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. We also propose the importance of neuronal defense systems, because they are part of the integral inflammatory and anti-inflammatory systems. Augmenting the anti-inflammatory defenses of neurons can be included in the strategy for restoration of balanced immune responses during aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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影响因子：
6.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
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通讯作者：
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