The role of imprinted genes in fetal growth abnormalities.
The role of imprinted genes in fetal growth abnormalities.
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DOI：
10.1002/bdra.20795
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发表时间：
2011-08
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Piedrahita, Jorge A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Piedrahita, Jorge A.
表观遗传学，特别是印记基因，在胎盘的发育和功能中起着关键作用，而胎盘又在调节胎儿生长发育中起着核心作用。印记基因的一个独特特征是，它们只表达一个等位基因，无论是母系还是父系，取决于父母的血统。这种独特的表达模式可能是作为一种控制营养物质从母亲流向胎儿/后代的机制而出现的，母亲表达的印记基因减少了资源的流动，父亲表达的基因增加了流向胎儿的资源。因此，任何影响这种平衡的表观遗传学放松都可能导致胎儿发育异常。在人类中，印记相关疾病，如Beckwith-Wiedemann和Angelman综合征，支持印记基因在胎儿生长中的作用。同样，动物的辅助生殖技术已经被证明影响早期胚胎的表观基因组和印记基因的表达。它们在宫内生长受限(IUGR)等疾病中的作用似乎更为复杂，因为印记基因表达既可以被视为胎儿生长受限的原因，也可以被视为胎儿生长受限的保护性因素。这种保护性或补偿性效应需要更充分地加以探讨。
Epigenetics, and in particular imprinted genes, play a critical role in the development and function of the placenta, which in turn, plays a central role in the regulation of fetal growth and development. A unique characteristic of imprinted genes is their expression from only one allele, maternal or paternal, dependent on parent-of-origin. This unique expression pattern may have arisen as a mechanism to control the flow of nutrients from the mother to the fetus/offspring, with maternally expressed imprinted genes reducing the flow of resources and paternally expressed genes increasing resources to the fetus. As a result, any epigenetic deregulation affecting this balance can result in fetal growth abnormalities. In humans, imprinting- associated disorders such as Beckwith-Wiedemann and Angelman syndrome, support the role of imprinted genes in fetal growth. Similarly, assisted reproductive technologies in animals have been shown to affect the epigenome of the early embryo as well as expression of imprinted genes. Their role in disorders such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) appears to be more complex in that imprinted gene expression can be seen as both causative and protective of fetal growth restriction. This protective or compensatory effect needs to be more fully explored.
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