More than a nuisance: measuring how sea level rise delays commuters in Miami, FL

More than a nuisance: measuring how sea level rise delays commuters in Miami, FL
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不仅仅是麻烦:测量海平面上升如何延误佛罗里达州迈阿密的通勤时间

DOI:
10.1088/1748-9326/abfd5c
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Zhong, Qing
Zhong, Qing
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hauer, Mathew;Mueller, Valerie;Sheriff, Glenn;Zhong, Qing

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海平面上升增加了沿海城市遭受潮汐洪水的风险,并增加了交通路线在涨潮时受损的风险。我们以佛罗里达州迈阿密为案例研究,将潮汐计、海拔、道路网络和工人位置数据与路线优化算法结合起来,模拟 2002 年至 2004 年和 2015 年至 2017 年期间潮汐洪水如何影响通勤时间。结果表明,潮汐洪水导致每年通勤时间平均增加 15 分钟,在受影响最严重的地区增加 274 分钟。此外,每年至少有一次,大约有 14,000 名通勤者可能因潮汐洪水而无法到达工作场所。通过动态调整居住和工作地点的住宿可以将潮汐通勤延误减少多达 70%,特别是对于最高收入者而言。许多受影响最严重的地区并未直接遭遇洪水,这将脆弱性的范围扩大到了简单的住宅风险之外。根据 2060 年极端海平面上升情景,如果不采取包容行为,每年平均通勤延误时间预计将达到 220 分钟,超过 55,000 名通勤者可能无法到达目的地。
Sea level rise increases coastal cities' exposure to tidal flooding and elevates the risk of transportation routes being compromised at high tide. Using Miami, Florida as a case study, we combine tide gauge, elevation, road network, and worker location data with a route optimization algorithm to model how tidal flooding affected commute times between 2002–2004 and 2015–2017. Results suggest tidal flooding increases annual commutes by 15 min on average and 274 min among the most heavily impacted areas. Additionally, approximately 14 000 commuters may be unable to reach their workplace due to tidal flooding at least once per year. Accommodation via dynamic adjustments in residential and work locations may reduce tidal commuting delays by as much as 70%, particularly among the highest earners. Many of the most affected areas do not experience flooding directly, expanding the purview of vulnerability beyond simple residential risk. Using 2060 extreme sea-level rise scenarios without accommodating behavior, mean annual commute delays are expected to reach 220 min with over 55 000 commuters potentially unable to reach their destinations.
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