Spatiotemporal thermal variation drives diversity trends in experimental landscapes.
Spatiotemporal thermal variation drives diversity trends in experimental landscapes.
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时空热变化驱动实验景观多样性趋势。
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2656.13867
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发表时间：
2023-02
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Clements, Christopher F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wolfe, Ellie;Cerini, Francesco;Besson, Marc;O'Brien, Duncan;Clements, Christopher F.
温度是物种生命率的基本驱动因素，因而影响着物种的共存、灭绝和群落组成。虽然温度在空间和时间上都不是静态的，但很少有研究将时空动态纳入对热变化的群落层面的调查中。
我们利用纤毛虫原生动物进行了一项微观实验，以测试同步或异步波动的温度对由短或长廊道连接的两个斑块景观中的群落的影响。
我们对每个物种的数量进行了4周（约相当于28代）的监测，测量了四种温度模式和两种廊道长度对群落多样性和组成的影响。
虽然廊道长度显著改变了群落多样性变化的轨迹，但在实验结束时并没有导致不同的群落结构。热变化的类型显著影响了多样性变化的时间动态和最终的群落组成，同步波动导致了在重复实验中一致的确定性灭绝，而空间变化导致了最大的多样性下降。
我们的研究结果表明，热变化的存在和类型在构建生态群落中可以发挥重要作用，尤其是当它与栖息地斑块之间的扩散相互作用时。
由于全球气候变化，温度变异性正在增加，但在集合群落层面上对其影响的研究有限。这项研究使用一个多营养级实验系统来证明热变化的类型——空间的、时间的或两者皆有——会随着时间影响多样性趋势和群落组成。
Temperature is a fundamental driver of species' vital rates and thus coexistence, extinctions and community composition. While temperature is neither static in space nor in time, little work has incorporated spatiotemporal dynamics into community‐level investigations of thermal variation. We conducted a microcosm experiment using ciliate protozoa to test the effects of temperatures fluctuating synchronously or asynchronously on communities in two‐patch landscapes connected by short or long corridors. We monitored the abundance of each species for 4 weeks—equivalent to ~28 generations—measuring the effects of four temperature regimes and two corridor lengths on community diversity and composition. While corridor length significantly altered the trajectory of diversity change in the communities, this did not result in different community structures at the end of the experiment. The type of thermal variation significantly affected both the temporal dynamics of diversity change and final community composition, with synchronous fluctuation causing deterministic extinctions that were consistent across replicates and spatial variation causing the greatest diversity declines. Our results suggest that the presence and type of thermal variation can play an important role in structuring ecological communities, especially when it interacts with dispersal between habitat patches. Temperature variability is increasing due to global climate change, but limited work has investigated the effects at the metacommunity level. This study uses a multiple trophic level experimental system to demonstrate that the type of thermal variation—spatial, temporal, or both—influences diversity trends and community composition through time.
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