Predation favours Bicyclus anynana butterflies with fewer forewing eyespots.
Predation favours Bicyclus anynana butterflies with fewer forewing eyespots.
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捕食有利于骑自行车的人，较少的眼睛斑点。
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2020.2840
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发表时间：
2021-05-26
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Monteiro A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chan IZW;Ngan ZC;Naing L;Lee Y;Gowri V;Monteiro A
若虫的前翅上的眼斑比后翅上的少，但这种不均匀分布的原因尚不清楚。一种可能性是，在许多蝴蝶中，后翅在休息时覆盖了前翅腹侧的一部分，并且显示眼点的前翅部分较少（被覆盖的眼点不是连续可见的，并且不太可能处于正选择下）。第二种解释是，前翅眼斑较少，在面对掠食者时具有选择性优势。我们分析了翼重叠在休息275 nymphalid物种的眼斑，发现许多暴露的前翅部门没有眼斑：即翼重叠不限制前翅有相同的数量或更多的眼斑比后翅。我们进行了两个捕食实验与螳螂比较的相对健身和攻击损伤模式的两种形式的Bicyclus anynana蝴蝶，都有7个后翅眼斑，但有两个（野生型）或四个（斑点）腹前翅眼斑。斑点鸟在前翅上经历了更强烈的捕食，寿命更短，产卵更少。这些结果表明，捕食压力限制了B的前翅眼斑数。anynana。如果攻击前翅眼斑比攻击后翅眼斑对飞行有更有害的后果，则可能发生这种情况。
There are fewer eyespots on the forewings versus hindwings of nymphalids but the reasons for this uneven distribution remain unclear. One possibility is that, in many butterflies, the hindwing covers part of the ventral forewing at rest and there are fewer forewing sectors to display eyespots (covered eyespots are not continuously visible and are less likely to be under positive selection). A second explanation is that having fewer forewing eyespots confers a selective advantage against predators. We analysed wing overlap at rest in 275 nymphalid species with eyespots and found that many have exposed forewing sectors without eyespots: i.e. wing overlap does not constrain the forewing from having the same number or more eyespots than the hindwing. We performed two predation experiments with mantids to compare the relative fitness of and attack damage patterns on two forms of Bicyclus anynana butterflies, both with seven hindwing eyespots, but with two (in wild-type) or four (in Spotty) ventral forewing eyespots. Spotty experienced more intense predation on the forewings, were shorter-lived and laid fewer eggs. These results suggest that predation pressure limits forewing eyespot number in B. anynana. This may occur if attacks on forewing eyespots have more detrimental consequences for flight than attacks on hindwing eyespots.
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影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Chan, Ian Z. W.;Rafi, Fathima Zohara;Monteiro, Antonia
通讯作者：
Monteiro, Antonia
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Huq, Manizah;Bhardwaj, Shivam;Monteiro, Antonia
通讯作者：
Monteiro, Antonia
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Koscinski, Daria;Crawford, Lindsay A.;Keyghobadi, Nusha
通讯作者：
Keyghobadi, Nusha
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
BRAKEFIELD, PM;FRENCH, V
通讯作者：
FRENCH, V
影响因子：
4
作者：
Monteiro, Antonia
通讯作者：
Monteiro, Antonia