Reducing the energy cost of human walking using an unpowered exoskeleton.
Reducing the energy cost of human walking using an unpowered exoskeleton.
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使用未经动荡的外骨骼降低人行走的能源成本。
DOI：
10.1038/nature14288
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发表时间：
2015-06-11
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Sawicki, Gregory S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Collins, Steven H.;Wiggin, M. Bruce;Sawicki, Gregory S.
由于进化、生长和学习带来的效率，人类非常适合运动1。在行走期间使用的代谢能量可以部分地由来自外骨骼2的动力输入替代，但是是否可以在不提供额外能量源的情况下降低代谢率？这将需要提高人机系统作为一个整体的效率，并且鉴于人类步态的明显最优性，这将是显着的。在这里，我们表明，人类行走的代谢率可以通过无动力踝关节外骨骼来降低。我们建立了一个轻量级的弹性装置，与用户的小腿肌肉平行，卸载肌肉力量，从而减少收缩中消耗的代谢能量。该装置使用机械离合器来保持弹簧，因为当脚在地面上时，弹簧通过脚踝运动拉伸和放松，有助于实现小腿肌肉和跟腱的一种功能。然而，与肌肉不同的是，离合器被动地维持力量。外骨骼不消耗化学能或电能，也不提供净正机械功，但在自然条件下，健康人类用户的行走代谢成本降低了7.2±2.6%，与电动设备的节省相当。以这种方式改善步行经济性类似于改变身体的结构，使得它在步行时更节能。虽然强大的自然压力已经塑造了人类的运动，但效率的提高仍然是可能的。关于这种看似简单的行为，还有很多东西有待了解。
With efficiencies derived from evolution, growth and learning, humans are very well-tuned for locomotion 1. Metabolic energy used during walking can be partly replaced by power input from an exoskeleton 2, but is it possible to reduce metabolic rate without providing an additional energy source? This would require an improvement in the efficiency of the human–machine system as a whole, and would be remarkable given the apparent optimality of human gait. Here we show that the metabolic rate of human walking can be reduced by an unpowered ankle exoskeleton. We built a lightweight elastic device that acts in parallel with the user's calf muscles, off-loading muscle force and thereby reducing the metabolic energy consumed in contractions. The device uses a mechanical clutch to hold a spring as it is stretched and relaxed by ankle movements when the foot is on the ground, helping to fulfil one function of the calf muscles and Achilles tendon. Unlike muscles, however, the clutch sustains force passively. The exoskeleton consumes no chemical or electrical energy and delivers no net positive mechanical work, yet reduces the metabolic cost of walking by 7.2±2.6% for healthy human users under natural conditions, comparable to savings with powered devices. Improving upon walking economy in this way is analogous to altering the structure of the body such that it is more energy-effective at walking. While strong natural pressures have already shaped human locomotion, improvements in efficiency are still possible. Much remains to be learned about this seemingly simple behaviour.
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影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Holt, Natalie C.;Roberts, Thomas J.;Askew, Graham N.
通讯作者：
Askew, Graham N.
DOI：
10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00244-1
发表时间：
2002-12-01
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Roberts, TJ
通讯作者：
Roberts, TJ
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Farris, Dominic James;Robertson, Benjamin D.;Sawicki, Gregory S.
通讯作者：
Sawicki, Gregory S.
DOI：
10.1249/mss.0b013e31802b3562
发表时间：
2007-03-01
期刊：
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
影响因子：
--
作者：
Browning, Raymond C.;Modica, Jesse R.;Goswami, Ambarish
通讯作者：
Goswami, Ambarish
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2009.0664
发表时间：
2009-10-22
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Collins, Steven H.;Adamczyk, Peter G.;Kuo, Arthur D.
通讯作者：
Kuo, Arthur D.