The role of space-based observation in understanding and responding to active tectonics and earthquakes.

The role of space-based observation in understanding and responding to active tectonics and earthquakes.
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DOI:
10.1038/ncomms13844
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发表时间:
2016-12-22
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
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--
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过去二十年来,对构造变形进行的卫星大地测量的数量和质量都有了显著提高,提高了我们观测活跃构造过程的能力。我们现在经常使用卫星来应对地震,绘制地表破裂图,并估计大多数大陆地震的断层深度分布。研究直接将地震与其成因断层联系起来,使我们能够计算地壳应力的变化如何影响未来的地震危险。这场基于空间的观测革命正在推动模型的进步,这些模型可以解释随时间变化的地表变形以及断层带和构造景观的长期演变。地震易发地区现在由卫星进行例行监测,卫星可以绘制地表破裂和断层滑动分布图。在这里,Elliott等人回顾了天基地震观测领域的最新进展,展示了如何利用天基地震观测来理解活跃的构造过程。
The quantity and quality of satellite-geodetic measurements of tectonic deformation have increased dramatically over the past two decades improving our ability to observe active tectonic processes. We now routinely respond to earthquakes using satellites, mapping surface ruptures and estimating the distribution of slip on faults at depth for most continental earthquakes. Studies directly link earthquakes to their causative faults allowing us to calculate how resulting changes in crustal stress can influence future seismic hazard. This revolution in space-based observation is driving advances in models that can explain the time-dependent surface deformation and the long-term evolution of fault zones and tectonic landscapes. Earthquake prone areas are now routinely monitored by satellites, which can map surface rupture and distribution of slip on faults. Here Elliott et al. review the latest advances in the field of spacebased earthquake observations showing how this is used to understand active tectonic processes.
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